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Composting Basics

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Green Materials

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Green materials in composting are nitrogen-rich substances like fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, and fresh grass clippings.

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Composting Bin

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A composting bin is a container where composting materials are placed to decompose. It should have proper aeration and moisture control.

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Aeration

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Aeration is the process of adding air to the compost pile, which is essential for aerobic decomposition and reducing foul odors.

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Brown Materials

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Brown materials are carbon-rich substances in composting, including dry leaves, twigs, cardboard, and paper.

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C:N Ratio

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C:N Ratio refers to the carbon to nitrogen ratio in a compost pile, which should be about 30:1 for optimal composting.

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Composting

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Composting is the process of recycling organic matter, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich soil and plants.

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Compost Tea

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Compost tea is a nutrient-rich liquid made by steeping finished compost in water, used to water plants and promote soil health.

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Compost Maturity

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Compost maturity refers to the point at which compost has fully decomposed and stabilized, making it safe and beneficial for plants without the risk of phytotoxicity.

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Cold Composting

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Cold composting is a less active composting method where materials are simply piled and left to decompose over a longer period, often taking a year or more.

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Microorganisms

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Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter in a compost pile into humus.

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Bokashi Composting

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Bokashi composting is a fermentative process that uses inoculated bran to ferment organic material, allowing for the composting of materials like meats and dairy that normally wouldn't be compostable.

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Turning

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Turning is the process of mixing the compost pile to redistribute materials and moisture, aiding in aeration and speeding up the composting process.

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Hot Composting

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Hot composting is a method that produces compost quickly by maintaining high temperatures through active management of the pile, which accelerates the decomposition process.

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Layering

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Layering is a technique in composting where different types of materials are alternated in layers to balance carbon and nitrogen and enhance decomposition.

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Vermicomposting

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Vermicomposting is the process of using worms, usually red wigglers, to convert organic waste into a high-quality compost and soil conditioner.

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Soil Structure

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Adding compost to soil improves soil structure, which enhances water retention, aeration, and provides a healthy habitat for earthworms and beneficial microorganisms.

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Compost Pile

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A compost pile is a heap of composting materials systematically layered and managed to decompose into humus over time.

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Greenhouse Gases

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Proper composting can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, like methane, by ensuring aerobic decomposition rather than anaerobic.

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Finished Compost

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Finished compost, also known as humus, is the end-product of the composting process; it is a stable, nutrient-rich material added to soil.

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Moisture Content

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Moisture content in a compost pile should be maintained at about 40-60% to support the decomposition process without causing anaerobic conditions.

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