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Vegan and Vegetarian Nutrition
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Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)
Plant-based sources: Avocados, sweet potatoes, mushrooms, and lentils. Importance: Essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), a key coenzyme in energy metabolism.
Manganese
Plant-based sources: Whole grains, pine nuts, and spinach. Importance: Part of many enzymes; important for bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation.
Folate (Vitamin B9)
Plant-based sources: Dark green leafy vegetables, legumes, seeds, and citrus fruits. Importance: Crucial for proper brain function and plays an essential role in mental and emotional health.
Vitamin A
Plant-based sources: Sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach, kale, and red bell peppers. Importance: Vital for vision, immune function, and skin health.
Iodine
Plant-based sources: Iodized salt, seaweed, and fortified foods. Importance: Essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Plant-based sources: Almonds, mushrooms, spinach, and fortified soy milk. Importance: Helps to convert food into energy and plays a role in cellular growth and function.
Selenium
Plant-based sources: Brazil nuts, brown rice, sunflower seeds, and mushrooms. Importance: Protects cells from oxidative stress and plays a key role in thyroid hormone metabolism.
Potassium
Plant-based sources: Bananas, spinach, potatoes, avocados, and acorn squash. Importance: Necessary for normal cell function, nerve signals, and muscle contractions.
Molybdenum
Plant-based sources: Legumes, grains, and nuts. Importance: Trace element involved in the metabolism of sulfur amino acids and the production of uric acid.
Vitamin C
Plant-based sources: Oranges, strawberries, broccoli, kiwi, and red peppers. Importance: Necessary for the growth, development, and repair of all body tissues, and has antioxidant properties.
Taurine
Plant-based sources: Not naturally occurring in plant foods, but available in synthetic form as a supplement. Importance: Although not an essential amino acid, it plays a role in bile salt formation, eye health, and cardiac function.
Iron
Plant-based sources: Lentils, chickpeas, beans, tofu, quinoa, pumpkin seeds, kale, and dried apricots. Importance: Vital for the formation of hemoglobin and enzymes, transportation of oxygen, and cell growth.
Choline
Plant-based sources: Soybeans, chickpeas, quinoa, and Brussels sprouts. Importance: Important for liver function, muscle movement, brain development, and nerve function.
Copper
Plant-based sources: Cashews, sesame seeds, and mushrooms. Importance: Vital for making red blood cells and maintaining nerve cells and the immune system.
Magnesium
Plant-based sources: Spinach, pumpkin seeds, black beans, and almonds. Importance: Involved in over 300 biochemical reactions, including energy production, muscle contractions, and nerve signaling.
Vitamin B12
Plant-based sources: Nutritional yeast, fortified plant milks and breakfast cereals. Importance: Essential for nerve function and production of DNA and red blood cells.
Protein
Plant-based sources: Lentils, chickpeas, beans, tofu, seitan, tempeh, quinoa, hemp seeds, and almonds. Importance: Necessary for building and repairing tissues, and making enzymes and hormones.
Vitamin B6
Plant-based sources: Chickpeas, bananas, avocados, and sweet potatoes. Importance: Important for normal brain development and keeping the nervous and immune systems healthy.
Vitamin D
Plant-based sources: Fortified plant milks and cereals, mushrooms exposed to sunlight, and supplements. Importance: Promotes calcium absorption, bone growth, and immune function.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Plant-based sources: Flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, and algae-based supplements. Importance: Important for heart health, reduces inflammation and supports brain health.
Cobalt
Plant-based sources: Limited in plant-based foods, but available through vitamin B12 supplements and fortified foods. Importance: Component of vitamin B12, which is essential for neurological function.
Chromium
Plant-based sources: Broccoli, potatoes, and whole grains. Importance: Involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and helps regulate blood sugar.
Vitamin K
Plant-based sources: Kale, spinach, turnip greens, collards, and mustard greens. Importance: Necessary for blood clotting and bone health.
Zinc
Plant-based sources: Legumes, nuts, seeds, oats, and whole grains. Importance: Plays a role in immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division.
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Plant-based sources: Peanuts, mushrooms, green peas, and brown rice. Importance: Helps to convert food into energy, and is involved in maintaining healthy skin and nerve functions.
Phosphorus
Plant-based sources: Lentils, chickpeas, almonds, and whole grains. Importance: Works with calcium to build strong bones and teeth, and is necessary for the body to make protein for growth and repair.
Vitamin E
Plant-based sources: Almonds, sunflower seeds, spinach, and avocados. Importance: Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from the damage caused by free radicals.
Calcium
Plant-based sources: Almonds, tahini, fortified plant milks, kale, broccoli, figs, and fortified tofu. Importance: Ensures strong bones, teeth health, and plays a role in muscle function and nerve signaling.
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
Plant-based sources: Nuts, seeds, sweet potatoes, and mushrooms. Importance: Supports skin health, nerve signaling, and the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
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