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Air Pollution and Control

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Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

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Effects: Smog, respiratory issues, eutrophication. Control Measures: Selective catalytic reduction, low NOx burners.

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Lead (Pb)

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Effects: Neurological effects, developmental issues. Control Measures: Phasing out of leaded gasoline, waste management.

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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

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Effects: Respiratory problems, acid rain. Control Measures: Flue gas desulfurization, low sulfur fuels.

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Ozone (O3)

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Effects: Respiratory issues, crop damage. Control Measures: Reduction of VOCs and NOx emissions.

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Benzene (C6H6)

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Effects: Carcinogenic, blood disorders. Control Measures: Leak detection, substitution with less harmful solvents.

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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

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Effects: Ozone depletion, global warming. Control Measures: Phasing out through Montreal Protocol, replacement with HFCs.

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Cadmium (Cd)

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Effects: Kidney damage, bone fragility, cancer. Control Measures: Industrial emission controls, proper waste disposal.

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Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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Effects: Impedes oxygen transport in blood, heart diseases. Control Measures: Catalytic converters, oxygenated fuels.

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Particulate Matter (PM)

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Effects: Lung diseases, heart conditions. Control Measures: Electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO)

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Effects: Eye, nose, throat irritation, carcinogenic. Control Measures: Improved indoor air quality, use of low-emitting products.

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Mercury (Hg)

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Effects: Neurological damage, bioaccumulation. Control Measures: Coal washing, air pollution control devices.

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Asbestos

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Effects: Lung cancer, mesothelioma. Control Measures: Asbestos abatement, use of alternative materials.

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Radon (Rn)

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Effects: Lung cancer. Control Measures: Building ventilation, radon barrier installation.

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Ammonia (NH3)

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Effects: Eutrophication, soil acidification. Control Measures: Proper handling of agricultural waste, catalytic converters.

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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

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Effects: Photochemical smog, carcinogenic. Control Measures: Vapor recovery systems, catalytic oxidizers.

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Dioxins

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Effects: Toxic, cancer risk, endocrine disruption. Control Measures: Incineration controls, reduction of chlorine use in paper bleaching.

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Arsenic (As)

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Effects: Skin lesions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases. Control Measures: Water treatment, reduction of industrial emissions.

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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

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Effects: Cancer risk, immune system disruption. Control Measures: Elimination of PCB production, cleanup of contaminated sites.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Effects: Global warming, ocean acidification. Control Measures: Carbon capture and storage, renewable energy sources.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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Effects: Carcinogenic, mutagenic. Control Measures: Combustion control, emission treatment technologies.

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