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Nutrient enrichment of water bodies leads to algal blooms, hypoxia, and declines in aquatic life.

Ecotoxicology studies the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms and ecosystems.

Ozone depletion increases UV radiation reaching Earth, affecting organisms and contributing to skin cancer.

Indices incorporate multiple parameters to assess the health of water bodies and the suitability for various uses.

Photosynthesis in plants removes CO2 from the atmosphere, playing a key role in carbon sequestration.

Renewable energy sources reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.

Toxic substances accumulate in organisms and magnify up the food chain, impacting top predators and humans.

Plants are used to remove, contain, or render harmless environmental contaminants.

The carbon cycle is essential for regulating Earth's climate by controlling CO2 levels.

Biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms cleanses the environment but is limited by the nature of the pollutants.

Treatment processes ensure safe drinking water by removing physical, chemical, and biological contaminants.

Acid rain causes damage to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health.

The greenhouse effect is critical for life but its intensification causes global warming.

Particulate matter in the air can have severe health effects and degrade environmental quality.

Soil contamination can lead to crop failure, water contamination, and health risks through the food chain.

Understanding atmospheric chemistry is key for air quality control and predicting climate change.

Climate change affects ecosystems, weather patterns, sea levels, and human societies globally.

Heavy metals are persistent environmental contaminants that can cause bioaccumulation and toxicity.

EIAs are critical for evaluating the potential effects of projects and activities on the environment before they proceed.