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Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry

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Ozone Depletion

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Ozone depletion increases UV radiation reaching Earth, affecting organisms and contributing to skin cancer.

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Carbon Cycle

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The carbon cycle is essential for regulating Earth's climate by controlling CO2 levels.

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Soil Contamination

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Soil contamination can lead to crop failure, water contamination, and health risks through the food chain.

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Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)

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EIAs are critical for evaluating the potential effects of projects and activities on the environment before they proceed.

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Water Quality Indices

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Indices incorporate multiple parameters to assess the health of water bodies and the suitability for various uses.

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Atmospheric Chemistry

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Understanding atmospheric chemistry is key for air quality control and predicting climate change.

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Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification

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Toxic substances accumulate in organisms and magnify up the food chain, impacting top predators and humans.

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Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis in plants removes CO2 from the atmosphere, playing a key role in carbon sequestration.

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Climate Change

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Climate change affects ecosystems, weather patterns, sea levels, and human societies globally.

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Acid Rain

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Acid rain causes damage to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health.

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Eutrophication

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Nutrient enrichment of water bodies leads to algal blooms, hypoxia, and declines in aquatic life.

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Ecotoxicology

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Ecotoxicology studies the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms and ecosystems.

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Renewable Energy Sources

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Renewable energy sources reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.

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Heavy Metals

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Heavy metals are persistent environmental contaminants that can cause bioaccumulation and toxicity.

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Phytoremediation

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Plants are used to remove, contain, or render harmless environmental contaminants.

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Greenhouse Effect

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The greenhouse effect is critical for life but its intensification causes global warming.

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Water Treatment Processes

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Treatment processes ensure safe drinking water by removing physical, chemical, and biological contaminants.

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Biodegradation

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Biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms cleanses the environment but is limited by the nature of the pollutants.

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Particulate Matter

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Particulate matter in the air can have severe health effects and degrade environmental quality.

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Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

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COD measures the amount of oxygen required to break down organic matter in water, indicating pollution levels.

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