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Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry
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Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion increases UV radiation reaching Earth, affecting organisms and contributing to skin cancer.
Carbon Cycle
The carbon cycle is essential for regulating Earth's climate by controlling CO2 levels.
Soil Contamination
Soil contamination can lead to crop failure, water contamination, and health risks through the food chain.
Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)
EIAs are critical for evaluating the potential effects of projects and activities on the environment before they proceed.
Water Quality Indices
Indices incorporate multiple parameters to assess the health of water bodies and the suitability for various uses.
Atmospheric Chemistry
Understanding atmospheric chemistry is key for air quality control and predicting climate change.
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
Toxic substances accumulate in organisms and magnify up the food chain, impacting top predators and humans.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis in plants removes CO2 from the atmosphere, playing a key role in carbon sequestration.
Climate Change
Climate change affects ecosystems, weather patterns, sea levels, and human societies globally.
Acid Rain
Acid rain causes damage to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health.
Eutrophication
Nutrient enrichment of water bodies leads to algal blooms, hypoxia, and declines in aquatic life.
Ecotoxicology
Ecotoxicology studies the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms and ecosystems.
Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy sources reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
Heavy Metals
Heavy metals are persistent environmental contaminants that can cause bioaccumulation and toxicity.
Phytoremediation
Plants are used to remove, contain, or render harmless environmental contaminants.
Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is critical for life but its intensification causes global warming.
Water Treatment Processes
Treatment processes ensure safe drinking water by removing physical, chemical, and biological contaminants.
Biodegradation
Biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms cleanses the environment but is limited by the nature of the pollutants.
Particulate Matter
Particulate matter in the air can have severe health effects and degrade environmental quality.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
COD measures the amount of oxygen required to break down organic matter in water, indicating pollution levels.
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