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The process in which atoms, ions, or molecules from a substance adhere to a surface of the adsorbent, like activated carbon.

A settling process that allows the heavy flocs formed by coagulation and flocculation to settle to the bottom by gravity.

The process of passing water through layers of sand, gravel, or other media to remove remaining suspended particles.

A treatment method where water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane that removes ions, molecules, and larger particles.

Membrane filtration process that uses standard home water pressure to push water through a semi-permeable membrane.

A process that uses electrical potential to drive the selective movement of ions through a membrane, separating them from the water.

A method of disinfection using ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by damaging their DNA.

The process of adding chemicals to water that bind with suspended particles, creating larger particles called flocs.

The process of adding air to water to remove dissolved gases (such as CO2) and oxidize dissolved metals like iron, hydrogen sulfide.

A process where unwanted dissolved ions are exchanged for other ions with a similar charge.

The process that follows coagulation where gentle stirring encourages the formation of larger flocs from the smaller ones.

The process of treating water with chloramines, compounds of chlorine and ammonia, used as a disinfectant with a longer-lasting effect.

A membrane filtration process that lies between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration on the spectrum, removing particles in the nanometer range.

The process of treating water with ozone, a powerful oxidizing agent, to remove contaminants and improve water quality.