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Integrating information from hazard identification, exposure, and toxicity assessments to predict the potential for adverse health outcomes.

Quantifying the uncertainty in risk assessment results due to gaps in data, variability in the data, or lack of knowledge about the assessment process.

A preliminary analysis to determine whether a detailed risk assessment is required by using conservative assumptions and screening values to estimate risk.

Using computational tools to simulate environmental systems and predict the behavior of environmental contaminants.

The process of deciding whether and how to manage risks identified through risk characterization with methods based on laws, economics, and social factors.

Actions taken to reduce the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of environmental risks once they have been identified and assessed.

An analysis that evaluates the combined risks from multiple sources of exposure to a single risk agent or multiple risk agents.

A technique to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.

Estimating the concentration, duration, and frequency at which humans or ecological receptors might come into contact with environmental hazards.

Evaluating the probability of adverse health outcomes in humans exposed to environmental hazards.

Comparing the risks of different hazards or activities to prioritize regulatory attention, resource allocation, and policy development.

A stepwise process in which the level of detail and complexity of the risk assessment increases with each tier, according to the level of risk and data availability.

Determining the potential adverse environmental health effects a hazard might cause and identifying what exposures might be of concern.

Sharing risk-related information with stakeholders, including explanations of the risk assessment, its findings, uncertainties, and the actions to be taken.

The process of characterizing the relationship between the dose of a substance and the incidence of an adverse response in the exposed population.

Critically reviewing and evaluating data to ensure it meets standards necessary for risk assessment, including its validity, reliability, and appropriateness.

A process within environmental risk assessment aiming to quantify the likelihood of adverse ecological effects resulting from pollutants or stressors.