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Electric Train Systems

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Traction Motors

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Motors that drive the wheels of an electric train, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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Regenerative Braking

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A braking system that recovers energy during braking and feeds it back into the train's power system.

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Traction Inverter

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A device that converts direct current (DC) from the power source into alternating current (AC) for the traction motors.

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Traction Substation

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Facility that converts the electrical supply from the grid to the appropriate voltage and type for railway use.

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Traction Transformer

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A component that changes the voltage of the electrical power supply to the levels required by the traction motors.

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Overhead Line Equipment (OLE)

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The infrastructure that provides electrical power to trains via overhead cables.

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DC Traction System

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A traction system that utilizes direct current for the operation of trains.

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AC Traction System

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A traction system that uses alternating current, typically with high voltages, for train operation.

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Third Rail

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An additional rail beside the main tracks that supplies power to electric trains through a contact shoe.

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Pantograph

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An apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train to collect power from the overhead lines.

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Contact Shoe

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Device that slides along the third rail to collect electrical power for the train.

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Grade Crossing

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A location where a railway line crosses a road or path at the same level, requiring signaling systems for safety.

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Rail Gauge

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The distance between the inner sides of the rail heads, defining the width of the railway track.

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Catenary System

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A type of overhead line equipment where wires are suspended in a catenary curve between supports, providing power to trains.

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Balise

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A transponder placed between the rails that communicates with the train's onboard equipment providing location and signaling information.

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Block Signal System

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A signaling system that divides a railway line into blocks and ensures only one train occupies a block at a time.

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Automatic Train Operation (ATO)

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A system that enables automatic control of the train's movement, reducing the need for human intervention.

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Slab Track

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A type of track construction that uses concrete slabs instead of traditional ballasted tracks, offering higher stability and lower maintenance.

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Railroad Tie

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A rectangular support for rails, traditionally made of wood, but also can be concrete or steel, to maintain the gauge and stability of tracks.

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Dwell Time

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The time a train spends at a station while passengers board and alight, influencing the overall service frequency.

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Continuous Welded Rail (CWR)

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Tracks where rails are welded together to form a continuous solid track, reducing joints and providing a smoother ride.

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Train Control Management System (TCMS)

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An onboard system that monitors and controls traction and braking, doors, and other train subsystems.

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Headway

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The time or distance interval between trains running on the same line, crucial for traffic management and safety.

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Rail Fastening System

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The components that connect rails to the railroad ties, ensuring the stability of the tracks.

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Axle Load

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The weight that a single train axle can bear, influencing the design and maintenance of tracks.

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Rail Corrugation

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Wavy deformations that develop on the surface of the rails, often causing noise, vibration, and increased wear.

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Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

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Technologies that store energy for later use in train operations, such as batteries or supercapacitors.

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Electric Multiple Unit (EMU)

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A multiple-car train set that operates with a self-contained electric propulsion system.

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Rail Profile

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The cross-sectional shape of a rail, influencing the train's grip, wear resistance, and overall stability.

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Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS)

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A type of magnetic levitation where the train is levitated by electromagnetic forces between it and the track.

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