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Railway Operation and Dispatch
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Track Circuit
An electrical circuit that includes the rail track, used to detect the presence of trains on the track and ensure blocks are clear before another train can enter.
Interlocking
Interlocking is a system that prevents conflicting movements of trains by controlling switches, signals, and other railway apparatus to ensure safe operation.
Traffic Management System (TMS)
A TMS is a computerized system used to monitor and manage the flow of train traffic on a railway network, enhancing the efficiency and safety of railway operations.
Railroad Crossing Signals
Train-activated signals at level crossings that warn road users of an approaching train, featuring flashing lights and/or gates, to prevent collisions between trains and road vehicles.
Radio-Based Communication
Use of two-way radios in railway operations to enable communication between train crews and dispatchers, crucial for coordinating train movements and ensuring safety.
Train Order Operation
An older system where train movements are governed by written orders from a dispatcher, used in situations where other more advanced signaling systems are not available.
Dispatching Software
Software solutions utilized by train dispatchers to plan, route, and manage trains on the railway network, streamlining operations and response to unpredicted events.
Train Dispatching
Train dispatching involves the management and control of train movement, ensuring trains operate according to their schedules while maintaining safety.
Railway Signaling Principles
Sets of safety-critical rules and regulations that govern how trains are signaled and moved on the railway to prevent collisions and ensure efficient traffic flow.
Absolute Block System
The Absolute Block System is a method where a section of track (block) is exclusively allocated to one train at a time, emphasized by fixed signals indicating the block status.
Moving Block System
In the Moving Block System, the safe zone around a train moves with it, allowing for closer train spacing and higher network capacity. It requires precise train location technology.
Detectors
Devices installed on railway tracks to detect anomalies like hotbox (hot axle bearings), dragging equipment, or other potential hazards that can lead to accidents.
Timetable Planning
The process of creating optimal train schedules based on track capacity, train frequency, and other constraints to ensure that trains run punctually and efficiently.
Block Signaling
Block signaling is a railway signaling system that divides the track into blocks and uses signals to control the entry of a train into each block, enhancing safety by preventing collisions.
Grade
Grade refers to the slope of the track, measured in percentage, indicating the steepness of the terrain the railway traverses and affecting train operation and dispatch.
Centralized Traffic Control (CTC)
CTC is a form of railway signaling that centralizes all signal and switch control decisions at a single control point, often used on busy lines to optimize traffic flow.
Railway Operation Safety
A comprehensive set of practices and technologies aimed at reducing risks and preventing accidents on the railway, including personnel training and safety devices.
Automatic Block Signaling (ABS)
ABS is a block signaling system where the signals automatically change to indicate the status of a block, typically via track circuits, enabling more efficient traffic handling on the railway.
Track Warrant Control (TWC)
TWC is a non-signaled system where train movement authority is granted by a dispatcher through verbal, written, or electronic warrants, used on less busy or single-track lines.
Axle Counters
Devices used to detect the entry and exit of trains from a block by counting axles, helping to ensure the integrity and clearance of the block before another train is allowed to enter.
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