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Railway Operation and Dispatch

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Track Circuit

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An electrical circuit that includes the rail track, used to detect the presence of trains on the track and ensure blocks are clear before another train can enter.

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Interlocking

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Interlocking is a system that prevents conflicting movements of trains by controlling switches, signals, and other railway apparatus to ensure safe operation.

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Traffic Management System (TMS)

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A TMS is a computerized system used to monitor and manage the flow of train traffic on a railway network, enhancing the efficiency and safety of railway operations.

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Railroad Crossing Signals

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Train-activated signals at level crossings that warn road users of an approaching train, featuring flashing lights and/or gates, to prevent collisions between trains and road vehicles.

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Radio-Based Communication

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Use of two-way radios in railway operations to enable communication between train crews and dispatchers, crucial for coordinating train movements and ensuring safety.

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Train Order Operation

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An older system where train movements are governed by written orders from a dispatcher, used in situations where other more advanced signaling systems are not available.

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Dispatching Software

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Software solutions utilized by train dispatchers to plan, route, and manage trains on the railway network, streamlining operations and response to unpredicted events.

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Train Dispatching

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Train dispatching involves the management and control of train movement, ensuring trains operate according to their schedules while maintaining safety.

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Railway Signaling Principles

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Sets of safety-critical rules and regulations that govern how trains are signaled and moved on the railway to prevent collisions and ensure efficient traffic flow.

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Absolute Block System

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The Absolute Block System is a method where a section of track (block) is exclusively allocated to one train at a time, emphasized by fixed signals indicating the block status.

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Moving Block System

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In the Moving Block System, the safe zone around a train moves with it, allowing for closer train spacing and higher network capacity. It requires precise train location technology.

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Detectors

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Devices installed on railway tracks to detect anomalies like hotbox (hot axle bearings), dragging equipment, or other potential hazards that can lead to accidents.

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Timetable Planning

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The process of creating optimal train schedules based on track capacity, train frequency, and other constraints to ensure that trains run punctually and efficiently.

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Block Signaling

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Block signaling is a railway signaling system that divides the track into blocks and uses signals to control the entry of a train into each block, enhancing safety by preventing collisions.

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Grade

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Grade refers to the slope of the track, measured in percentage, indicating the steepness of the terrain the railway traverses and affecting train operation and dispatch.

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Centralized Traffic Control (CTC)

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CTC is a form of railway signaling that centralizes all signal and switch control decisions at a single control point, often used on busy lines to optimize traffic flow.

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Railway Operation Safety

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A comprehensive set of practices and technologies aimed at reducing risks and preventing accidents on the railway, including personnel training and safety devices.

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Automatic Block Signaling (ABS)

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ABS is a block signaling system where the signals automatically change to indicate the status of a block, typically via track circuits, enabling more efficient traffic handling on the railway.

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Track Warrant Control (TWC)

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TWC is a non-signaled system where train movement authority is granted by a dispatcher through verbal, written, or electronic warrants, used on less busy or single-track lines.

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Axle Counters

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Devices used to detect the entry and exit of trains from a block by counting axles, helping to ensure the integrity and clearance of the block before another train is allowed to enter.

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