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Purpose: To prevent trains from passing signals at danger or exceeding speed limits. Description: ATP uses electronic devices on both train and track to monitor and control the speed of the train.

Purpose: To protect against unauthorized movements of trains onto sections of track. Description: A rail device that guides a locomotive off the rails to stop it from proceeding down a track where it could collide with another train or cause damage.

Purpose: To prevent train collisions. Description: A network-independent, self-acting intelligent system that alerts the loco pilot about an impending collision to prevent accidents.

Purpose: To prevent road traffic from crossing the tracks when a train is approaching. Description: Physical barriers that can be lowered or raised manually or automatically to block or allow road and foot traffic across tracks.

Purpose: To automatically stop a train if it passes a red signal. Description: An electronic safety system that can apply brakes automatically if a signal is passed at danger or if the speed is too high.

Purpose: To provide a smoother and safer ride, and reduce the risk of rail fracture. Description: Long sections of rail are welded together to create a continuous solid rail with no gaps.

Purpose: To prevent slipping of train wheels. Description: A system that automatically reduces power to the traction motors to prevent wheel spin under slippery conditions.

Purpose: To manage train traffic. Description: A visual display device that uses a color-coded system to convey information regarding train traffic conditions to train operators.

Purpose: To enhance visibility of the train's last car. Description: A battery-powered device attached to the last car of a freight train that flashes a red light to signal the end of the train.

Purpose: To stop the train if the driver becomes incapacitated. Description: A safety device that requires the driver to keep it pressed down; if released, the train's brakes are applied.

Purpose: To prevent train cars from piling upon one another during a collision. Description: A frame-like structure on top of a rail vehicle that prevents it from climbing over another vehicle in a crash.

Purpose: To allow the driver to override the emergency brakes if needed. Description: A system that gives train operators the ability to regain control of the train after the emergency brakes have been activated.

Purpose: To ensure the alertness of the train operator. Description: A device that requires the operator to respond at timed intervals to prevent an automated brake application.

Purpose: To detect the presence of a train on the tracks. Description: An electrical circuit that uses the track itself as a part of the circuit to detect the presence of trains.

Purpose: To ensure safe station stopping positions. Description: A track circuit indicating the occupancy of a section of track within a station to ensure that the train stops within a designated safety margin.

Purpose: To enable trains to pass or be stored off the main line. Description: A low-speed track section distinct from a running line, that allows trains to be stored or let other trains pass.

Purpose: To automatically stop or slow down a train before accidents occur. Description: An advanced system that monitors and controls train movements to enforce speed limits and signal compliance.

Purpose: To increase traction on the rails. Description: A sticky substance applied to the rails in autumn to increase grip and reduce wheel slip caused by wet leaves or other slippery conditions.

Purpose: To detect overheating in the wheel bearings. Description: Sensors placed along the track that monitor the temperature of passing train wheel bearings to prevent potential derailments from overheated hardware.

Purpose: To detect structural weaknesses in the railbed. Description: A geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface, helping to reveal hidden defects or cavities that could lead to track failures.

Purpose: To record operational data for incident investigation. Description: Systems installed on trains that continuously record various parameters like speed, door status, and brake use.

Purpose: To stop or slow down rail vehicles, including maintenance machines. Description: A braking system specific to railway vehicles that can include disc, tread, or dynamic braking components.

Purpose: To automate the driving of trains. Description: A system that allows for driverless train control, handling acceleration, braking, and stopping at stations.

Purpose: To transmit information to passing trains. Description: A transponder placed between the rails that interacts with on-board equipment to provide data about speed restrictions, signal status, and more.