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Load Types

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Environmental Load

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Loads resulting from natural forces. Examples include wind load, snow load, and earthquake load.

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Dead Load

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A permanent static load from the weight of the structure itself. Examples include weight of floors, roofing, and walls.

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Distributed Load

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A load spread over a large area. Examples include the weight of carpeting on a floor or snow on a roof.

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Live Load

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A variable and possibly moving load that can change in magnitude and location. Examples are people, furniture, and vehicles.

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Static Load

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A load that is applied slowly to a structure and remains nearly constant. Examples include dead loads or the weight of stationary equipment.

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Impact Load

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A load that is applied suddenly, with a force that is generally greater than the dynamic load. Examples include a hammer strike or a rock falling on a structure.

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Concentrated Load

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A load that is applied to a small area of a structure. Examples include post loads in a deck or the wheels of a landing aircraft.

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Thermal Load

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A load that results from the expansion or contraction due to temperature changes. Examples include expansion of bridge materials or building frames due to heat.

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Dynamic Load

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A load that involves motion, including changes in magnitude and point of application. Examples include moving vehicles, machinery vibrations, and seismic loads.

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Wind Load

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A type of environmental load caused by the movement of air. Examples include pressure on the side of high-rise buildings or force on a billboard.

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