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A man-made masonry unit commonly made from clay, possessing a standard size and often used in constructing walls, pavements and other elements in masonry. Its modular nature and durability are significant.

A curved structural element that spans over an opening and is capable of supporting loads due to its shape. The significance lies in its historical use for bridges, aqueducts, and buildings, exemplifying masonry strength.

The space between the top of a window or door opening and the arch above it. In masonry, it provides an opportunity for decorative detail and has a role in distributing structural loads.

A structural piece of stone, wood, or metal jutting from a wall to carry a weight above. In masonry, it's used to support beams or arches, adding both functionality and a decorative element.

A white powdery substance on masonry resulting from water-soluble salts coming to the surface and crystallizing. It is often a sign of moisture issues within masonry and can affect aesthetics.

A mixture of sand, water, lime, and cement used to bond masonry units. Its significance lies in its ability to accommodate small movements in masonry due to thermal expansion and its workability.

A type of wall construction where a single non-structural external layer of masonry is used primarily for aesthetics. It is significant as it can provide the appearance of solid masonry at a reduced cost and weight.

A wall that carries the weight from the roof and/or floors above it, in addition to its own weight. Its significance lies in the structural stability it brings to masonry buildings.

A repair process that involves removing deteriorated mortar from joints in a masonry wall and replacing it with new mortar. It is significant for maintaining the integrity and longevity of masonry structures.

A horizontal structural member placed over openings such as windows and doors in masonry walls. It is crucial for transferring loads to the surrounding masonry and preventing wall collapse.

A wall consisting of two 'skins' separated by a hollow space to improve thermal insulation and prevent moisture penetration. Its significance lies in its ability to improve the energy efficiency of a building.