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Retaining Wall Design
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Cantilever Retaining Wall
A reinforced concrete wall that is fixed at its base and free at the top, designed to resist the earth pressure by bending.
Counterfort Retaining Wall
A type of cantilever wall reinforced with counterforts attached to the back of the wall slab and base slab, designed to minimize bending moments.
Surcharge Load
Any additional load placed on the ground surface behind a retaining wall, affecting the design by increasing the lateral earth pressure.
Sheet Piling Retaining Wall
A wall constructed by driving interlocking steel, wood, or vinyl sheets into the ground to provide earth retention and excavation support.
Weep Holes
Small openings in a retaining wall that allow water to drain from the soil behind the wall, reducing hydrostatic pressure and preventing water buildup.
Keying
The process of embedding the base of a retaining wall into the ground to enhance sliding resistance and overall stability.
Gabion Retaining Wall
A flexible wall system made from steel wire mesh filled with stone or other suitable material, often used for slope stabilization and erosion control.
Battering
The intentional inclination of a retaining wall face towards the retained soil, designed to improve wall stability by utilizing gravity.
Geogrid Reinforcement
Geosynthetic material used to reinforce soil behind a retaining wall, increasing its stability and helping withstand lateral earth pressures.
Slope Stability
The assessment of the potential for the retained soil to slough or slide, which is crucial for the safe design of retaining walls.
Backfill
The material placed behind a retaining wall, which needs to have appropriate drainage characteristics to reduce hydrostatic pressure and prevent wall failure.
Gravity Retaining Wall
A type of retaining wall that relies on its own weight to hold back earth pressure. It achieves stability through its mass.
Anchored Retaining Wall
A wall that uses anchors or tiebacks implanted in the soil or rock behind it to provide additional support and resist lateral earth pressure.
Footing
The lower part of the wall that spreads the load over a broader area, providing support and reducing the chance of base failure due to overstressing the soil.
Active and Passive Earth Pressure
The forces exerted by soil on the retaining wall. Active earth pressure pushes against the wall, while passive earth pressure resists movement of the wall into the soil.
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