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El Niño and La Niña
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El Niño
El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Effects include increased rainfall across the southern tier of the US and in Peru, which can lead to flooding and mudslides, and drought in the Western Pacific, affecting Australia and Indonesia, often causing wildfires.
La Niña
La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, compared to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Pacific. La Niña is associated with stronger than usual trade winds and more intense tropical storms in the Atlantic. It can lead to wetter conditions in Australia and Indonesia, and drier conditions in the southwestern United States.
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