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These winds are cold and dry, blowing from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the North and South Poles to around 60° latitude in both hemispheres. They flow from the east to the west and can interact with the westerlies to create turbulent weather in the middle latitudes.

Also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), this is a region near the equator where the trade winds of both hemispheres meet, causing the air to rise due to convection. The doldrums are characterized by calm winds and frequent storms.

Located at about 30° N and 30° S latitude, the horse latitudes are regions of high pressure where winds are light. These areas are associated with deserts, such as the Sahara, and are responsible for dry and stable climates.

Found between 30° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres, these winds flow from the west to the east. They influence the weather patterns in the middle latitudes and are responsible for driving many of the weather systems across the United States and Europe.

Fast-flowing, narrow air currents found in the upper atmosphere, typically at the tropopause. The most well-known are the polar and subtropical jet streams. They follow boundaries of contrasting air masses and affect aviation, weather systems, and temperature patterns.