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Evaporation is the process where water is turned from liquid to vapor as it moves from bodies of water, soil, and other surfaces into the atmosphere. It's significant as it moves water from Earth's surface into the atmosphere, contributing to cloud formation.

Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. This step is crucial for recharging aquifers and maintaining groundwater levels, which is vital for plant life and human use.

Subsurface flow refers to the movement of water underneath the Earth's surface, often through aquifers and soil layers. This stage contributes to the transportation of water across different areas and sustains springs and wells.

Precipitation happens when water droplets or ice crystals in clouds become too heavy and fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. It's significant for redistributing water around Earth, supporting ecosystems, and refilling water bodies.

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere. It's significant as it contributes to the amount of water vapor in the air and thus plays a role in weather and climate patterns.