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Extent: Significant and ongoing since the 20th century; Reasons: Cattle ranching, soy cultivation, and illegal logging; Environmental impact: Loss of biodiversity, contribution to global warming, and disruptions in the water cycle.

Extent: Extensive over centuries; Reasons: Agriculture expansion, urbanization, and use of wood for fuel; Environmental impact: Soil degradation and increased salinity, contributing to the collapse of agricultural societies.

Extent: Almost complete deforestation; Reasons: Overpopulation, overexploitation of resources, and the construction of Moai; Environmental impact: Soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contributed to societal collapse.

Extent: Transformation of the landscape from forest to farmland; Reasons: Enclosure acts and the agricultural revolution; Environmental impact: Habitat loss and reduction in forest cover leading to changes in the ecosystem.

Extent: Significant in certain regions; Reasons: Agricultural intensification, lime production for plaster, and construction; Environmental impact: Soil depletion and erosion, affecting the sustainability of the civilization.

Extent: Widespread during the 17th and 18th centuries; Reasons: Timber for building, clearing land for agriculture, and fuelwood; Environmental impact: Habitat fragmentation and altered ecosystems, impacting indigenous flora and fauna.

Extent: Spectrum of deforestation across the Roman Empire; Reasons: Shipbuilding, construction, and agriculture; Environmental impact: Soil erosion and changes in hydrology leading to desertification in North Africa.

Extent: Massive forest loss over past decades; Reasons: Palm oil plantations, illegal logging, and paper production; Environmental impact: Habitat destruction, endangerment of species like orangutans, and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.

Extent: Wide-scale across Europe from 1100 to 1500 CE; Reasons: Feudal expansion, timber for construction, and wood for fuel; Environmental impact: Reduced forested areas, contributing to changes in the landscape and the establishment of agricultural land.