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Invasive Species and Their Historical Spread
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Asian Carp
Original habitat: Eastern Asia. Spread history: Introduced to US to control aquatic weed growth in fish farms. Ecological impact: Outcompetes native fish for resources, altering habitats.
Burmese Python
Original habitat: Southeast Asia. Spread history: Released or escaped pets in the Florida Everglades. Ecological impact: Prey on a wide range of native species, including endangered ones.
Water Hyacinth
Original habitat: Amazon Basin. Spread history: Introduced worldwide as ornamental plant. Ecological impact: Chokes waterways, disrupts aquatic ecosystems, impacts water flow.
Himalayan Blackberry
Original habitat: Armenia and Northern Iran. Spread history: Introduced to North America for fruit production. Ecological impact: Forms impenetrable thickets, crowds out native plants.
Argentine Ant
Original habitat: South America. Spread history: Spread globally through human trade and travel. Ecological impact: Forms supercolonies, outcompetes native ant species, disrupts ecosystems.
Rabbits in Australia
Original habitat: Europe. Spread history: Introduced for hunting in 1859. Ecological impact: Severe land degradation and competition with native species.
Nile Perch in Lake Victoria
Original habitat: Nile basin, West African rivers. Spread history: Introduced to Lake Victoria in the 1950s for fishing industry. Ecological impact: Predation caused extinction of hundreds of fish species.
European Starling
Original habitat: Europe. Spread history: Introduced to North America in 1890 by Shakespeare enthusiast. Ecological impact: Competes with native birds for nesting sites, crop damage.
Emerald Ash Borer
Original habitat: Northeastern Asia. Spread history: Discovered in Detroit, Michigan in 2002, likely from wood packing material. Ecological impact: Devastates ash tree populations, costing billions in damages.
Gray Squirrel in Europe
Original habitat: Eastern North America. Spread history: Introduced to the United Kingdom in the 19th century as ornamental wildlife. Ecological impact: Outcompeting native red squirrels, damage to trees.
Yellow Crazy Ant
Original habitat: Southeast Asia. Spread history: Spread globally through human activity; problematic on tropical islands. Ecological impact: Displaces native ants, impacts local fauna and flora.
Cane Toad
Original habitat: Central and South America. Spread history: Introduced to the Caribbean, Oceania, and parts of Australia to control pests in crops. Ecological impact: Predation and toxicity harm indigenous fauna.
Brown Tree Snake
Original habitat: Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea. Spread history: Introduced to Guam post WWII, likely via military equipment. Ecological impact: Decimated bird population in Guam, power outages.
Zebra Mussel
Original habitat: Freshwater lakes of Russia and Ukraine. Spread history: Through ballast water to Great Lakes in 1980s. Ecological impact: Disrupts local ecosystems, clogs pipes, outcompetes native species.
Northern Snakehead
Original habitat: China, Russia, North Korea. Spread history: Discovered in a Maryland pond in 2002; likely released from someone's personal collection. Ecological impact: Top predator, affects local aquatic systems.
Common Carp
Original habitat: Asia and Eastern Europe. Spread history: Introduced to various parts of the world for aquaculture. Ecological impact: Destroys submerged vegetation, muddies water, impacts water quality.
Kudzu
Original habitat: Japan and southeast China. Spread history: Planted in the U.S. for erosion control and ornamental use. Ecological impact: Overgrows and smothers native plants and trees.
Red Imported Fire Ant
Original habitat: South America. Spread history: Entered the U.S. through Alabama in the 1930s, likely via soil used as ship ballast. Ecological impact: Damages crops, harms wildlife, painful stings can threaten human health.
Lionfish
Original habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean. Spread history: Likely released from aquariums into Atlantic Ocean. Ecological impact: Prolific breeders, venomous, reduce native fish populations.
European Green Crab
Original habitat: European coasts. Spread history: Reached U.S. shores by 1817, likely through ballast water. Ecological impact: Preys on shellfish, disrupts local ecosystems.
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