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Evolution of Conservation Movements
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Friends of the Earth (FoE)
Founded in 1969, Friends of the Earth advocates for environmental protection and focuses on sustainability and community action.
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
Founded in 1967, the Environmental Defense Fund uses a science-based approach to tackle urgent environmental challenges such as climate change, ecosystems restoration, and sustainable fisheries.
Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)
Founded in 1895, WCS works to conserve the world’s largest wild places in 14 priority regions.
National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA)
Founded in 1919, the NPCA works to protect and enhance America's National Park System through advocacy and education.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
Founded in 1961, WWF has worked globally on issues such as the conservation of species and their habitats, and the reduction of human impact on the environment.
National Audubon Society
Founded in 1905, the Audubon Society protects birds and their habitats through conservation, education, and advocacy.
World Resources Institute (WRI)
Founded in 1982, WRI is a global research organization that spans more than 60 countries, focusing on six critical goals that must be met to reduce poverty, grow economies and protect natural systems.
Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL)
Founded in 1989, CIEL uses the power of law to protect the environment, promote human rights, and ensure a just and sustainable society.
Sierra Club
Founded in 1892, the Sierra Club has been influential in promoting conservation of the natural environment in the United States.
Conservation International
Founded in 1987, Conservation International works to protect nature for the benefit of all humanity via science, policy, and partnerships.
Green Belt Movement
Founded in 1977 by Wangari Maathai, the Green Belt Movement encourages tree planting, conservation, and women's empowerment in Kenya and across Africa.
American Rivers
Founded in 1973, American Rivers protects wild rivers, restores damaged rivers, and conserves clean water for people and nature.
Greenpeace
Founded in 1971, Greenpeace has been instrumental in raising awareness through direct action, environmental campaigns, and advocacy.
Earthjustice
Founded in 1971, Earthjustice is a non-profit environmental law organization working to protect natural resources and wildlife.
Oceana
Founded in 2001, Oceana is the largest international advocacy organization focused solely on ocean conservation.
Rainforest Action Network (RAN)
Founded in 1985, RAN campaigns for the forests, their inhabitants, and the natural systems that sustain life.
The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Founded in 1951, TNC works around the world to protect ecologically important lands and waters for nature and people.
The Wilderness Society
Founded in 1935, the Wilderness Society works to protect wilderness areas and inspire Americans to care for wild places.
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