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The Green Revolution

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Agricultural Research and Education

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Critical for advancing farming practices and expanding agriculture efficiently, but intense focus on certain crops has neglected others and reduced genetic diversity.

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Irrigation Systems

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Enabled expansion into arid areas with increased crop yields, but led to problems such as waterlogging, salinization, and depletion of water sources.

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Pesticides and Herbicides

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Improved crop protection which facilitated agricultural expansion, but caused bioaccumulation, pest resistance, and affected non-target species.

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Green Revolution Technologies Diffusion

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Spread of innovations increased global food production and agricultural land use, but uneven distribution led to economic disparities and dependency on inputs.

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Mechanization

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Tractors and combine harvesters expanded the scale and efficiency of farming, but contributed to soil compaction and erosion, as well as fossil fuel dependency.

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High-Yield Varieties (HYVs)

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Role in agricultural expansion was significant due to increased crop productivity, but led to environmental degradation through loss of biodiversity and increased use of inputs.

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International Trade Agreements

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Facilitated exports of agricultural products and expansion of farming to meet global market demands, but often at the expense of local self-sufficiency and environmental sustainability.

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Agricultural Extension Policies

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Implemented to educate farmers on new techniques to increase production and land under cultivation, but sometimes adopted without full consideration of local environmental conditions.

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Government Subsidies

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Encouraged the adoption of new technologies and increased production, leading to surplus and expansion, but also to market distortions and overuse of resources.

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Land Reform Policies

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Intended to redistribute land for equitable farming opportunities, thus expanding agricultural areas, but sometimes led to deforestation and habitat destruction.

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Biotechnology

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Developments like GMOs have contributed to increased yields and pest resistance in agriculture, raising concerns over potential ecological impacts and monopolization of seed supply.

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Synthetic Fertilizers

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Boosted plant growth and crop yields, contributing to agricultural expansion, but caused eutrophication and groundwater contamination due to runoff.

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