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Led to high-yield varieties but reduced genetic diversity of crops, making them more susceptible to disease and pests.

Preserved food for future use, allowing for population growth, but also attracted pests and required land and materials for granaries.

Increased soil fertility and reduced pests and diseases, but required more complex agricultural management systems.

Led to deforestation, soil depletion, and habitat loss; created the foundation for settled societies and increased population density.

Reduced soil erosion on steep slopes and allowed cultivation of diverse crops, but construction could lead to deforestation.

Helped to manage livestock and protect crops from wild animals, but disrupted wildlife migration and traditional land use patterns.

Enhanced crop growth but led to nutrient runoff and eutrophication of water bodies, plus soil degradation.

Resulted in changed landscapes (grazing lands), spread of diseases from animals to humans, and a stable food supply.

Contributed to habitat destruction, carbon releases, and changes in local climates, but expanded agricultural land.

Increased agricultural efficiency but accelerated soil erosion and dependence on human-controlled food production systems.

Improved crop yields but also led to water overuse, salinization of soil, and redirected natural water flows.