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The Black Death is believed to have originated in Asia and was transferred westward via the Silk Road. The plague was then carried by fleas living on black rats that were common on merchant ships.

The most common form of the Black Death, characterized by swollen lymph nodes (buboes). Caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted by flea bites.

Pneumonic plague affects the lungs and can be transmitted through the air. Septicemic plague spreads in the bloodstream and can occur as a complication of bubonic or pneumonic plague.

Trade routes facilitated the rapid spread of the Black Death through Europe, reaching the continent in 1347 and peaking between 1347 and 1351.

The Black Death resulted in a severe labor shortage, which led to higher wages for workers, the decline of the feudal system, and a shift towards a more modern economy.

The Church's inability to protect people from the plague and the loss of numerous clergymen eroded its influence, leading to questioning of religious institutions and contributing to the Protestant Reformation.

The Black Death led to the rise of a more individualistic society as traditional bonds of kinship and loyalty weakened, and the social hierarchy was challenged.

Art in the aftermath of the plague reflected morbid themes, such as the danse macabre, emphasizing the universality of death and the transience of life.

A religious movement wherein individuals publicly whipped themselves to atone for humanity's sins, believed to be the cause of the plague. It was later condemned by the Church.

Jews, beggars, and foreigners were often scapegoated and persecuted as possible causes of the Black Death, leading to widespread violence and massacres.

The reduction in population due to the Black Death affected the feudal armies, leading to changes in military tactics and the rise of professional armies.

The Black Death spurred advancements in medical science as understanding of disease transmission improved, eventually leading to public health measures and the establishment of quarantine practices.

Europe's population was significantly reduced, with an estimated 25 million deaths. This population loss had long-term effects on Europe's social, economic, and political development.

The Black Death led to rural depopulation as survivors moved to cities for better opportunities, which accelerated urbanization and the development of cities.