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The Monarchs of England
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Edward IV (1461-1470, 1471-1483)
Established the Yorkist dynasty, key figure in the Wars of the Roses, economic and trade improvements.
Charles II (1660-1685)
Restoration of the monarchy, Great Plague of London, Great Fire of London.
Richard II (1377-1399)
Peasants' Revolt, deposition by his cousin Henry IV, first king deposed by Parliament.
Anne (1702-1714)
Act of Union 1707, creating Great Britain, last Stuart monarch, War of the Spanish Succession.
George IV (1820-1830)
Regency era aesthetics, involved in the final defeat of Napoleon, known for his extravagant lifestyle.
Henry V (1413-1422)
Famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt, Treaty of Troyes, continuous campaigns during the Hundred Years' War.
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Elizabethan Religious Settlement, defeat of the Spanish Armada, the Elizabethan Era's cultural flowering.
William III & Mary II (1689-1702)
Joint monarchs after the Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights 1689, established a constitutional monarchy.
William I (1066-1087)
Introduced feudal system to England, Norman conquest of England, Domesday Book compilation.
Henry II (1154-1189)
Legal reforms leading to the development of the English common law, expansion of the Angevin Empire, conflict with Thomas Becket.
Edward II (1307-1327)
Defeat at Bannockburn during the First War of Scottish Independence, deposition by his wife Isabella, and his son Edward III.
George II (1727-1760)
Last British monarch born outside Great Britain, involved in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War.
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
English Reformation, six marriages, establishment of the Church of England.
George I (1714-1727)
First Hanoverian king, the rise of the Cabinet system, Jacobite uprisings.
Richard III (1483-1485)
Last king of the House of York, death at the Battle of Bosworth Field, end of the Wars of the Roses.
James I (1603-1625)
First monarch of the Stuart dynasty, the King James Version of the Bible, survived the Gunpowder Plot.
William IV (1830-1837)
Passage of the Reform Act 1832, known as the 'Sailor King', last king of the House of Hanover.
Edward VIII (1936)
Abdication crisis, marrying Wallis Simpson, only British monarch to voluntarily abdicate the throne.
Henry VII (1485-1509)
First monarch of the House of Tudor, established the Court of Star Chamber, sought peace and political stability.
Charles I (1625-1649)
Conflict with Parliament leading to the English Civil War, executed after being deposed, led to the interregnum.
Richard I (1189-1199)
Known as Richard the Lionheart, participated in the Third Crusade, development of chivalric code.
Edward III (1327-1377)
Start of the Hundred Years' War, founding of the Order of the Garter, Black Death in England.
Mary I (1553-1558)
Attempt to reverse the English Reformation, known as 'Bloody Mary' for persecuting Protestants, loss of Calais to France.
Victoria (1837-1901)
Victorian era, expansion of the British Empire, her reign is the longest of any female monarch in history.
George V (1910-1936)
World War I, the establishment of the Commonwealth, adoption of the House of Windsor name.
John (1199-1216)
Loss of the Angevin Empire territories, signing of the Magna Carta, conflict with the barons leading to the First Barons' War.
Edward VI (1547-1553)
Continued the Protestant reformation, the Act of Uniformity, died at a young age.
George III (1760-1820)
American Revolution, madness and the regency of George IV, Napoleonic Wars.
Henry IV (1399-1413)
Established the Lancastrian dynasty, dealt with uprisings such as the Percy Rebellion, improved the position of the House of Commons.
Henry VI (1422-1461, 1470-1471)
Loss of English territories in France, mental instability, Wars of the Roses.
James II (1685-1688)
His Catholicism and the birth of a Catholic heir led to the Glorious Revolution, was deposed in favor of Mary II and William III.
Henry III (1216-1272)
Rebuilding royal authority, Provisions of Oxford, Westminster becoming the regular seat of Parliament.
Edward I (1272-1307)
Conquest of Wales, laws and reforms that strengthen the Parliament, initiating the conquest of Scotland (Wars of Scottish Independence).
Edward VII (1901-1910)
Entente Cordiale with France, modernization of the British Home Fleet, Edwardian era reforms.
George VI (1936-1952)
Leadership during World War II, establishment of the National Health Service, last Emperor of India.
Henry I (1100-1135)
Charter of Liberties, administrative and legal reforms, death leading to a succession crisis known as The Anarchy.
James II (1685-1688)
Issued the Declarations of Indulgence, led to the establishment of the English Bill of Rights, Parliament offered the throne to William and Mary.
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Establishment of the Royal Navy, dissolution of the monasteries, his policies paved the way for the English Renaissance.
Elizabeth II (1952-2022)
Longest reigning British monarch, modernization of the monarchy, numerous state visits and diplomatic engagements.
Stephen (1135-1154)
His reign was marked by civil war known as The Anarchy, Treaty of Wallingford to end succession disputes, ineffective rule.
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