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French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance against the English and to have Charles VII crowned king.

Empress of Russia who greatly expanded the empire, supported enlightenment ideals, and reformed the administration of Russian goverment.

Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901, the second longest reign of any British monarch, known for the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military progress within the United Kingdom.

Queen consort in France and England, she was one of the most powerful and wealthiest women in the Middle Ages and a leader of the Second Crusade.

Physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only person to win in multiple sciences.

Queen of England and Ireland who reigned from 1558 to 1603, known for her skillful handling of state affairs and for promoting the Renaissance in England.

Italian noblewoman who was queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559 and influenced French politics significantly during the Catholic-Huguenot conflict.

Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist who played a pivotal role during the German Revolution.

British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, known for her conservative policies and the Thatcherism economic approach.

She was a claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy, and served as the Holy Roman Empress.

Queen of Castile who was instrumental in the unification of Spain and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus.

German student and anti-Nazi political activist, who was active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany.

French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist, and social theorist known for her book 'The Second Sex'.

Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress, she was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India.

German politician who served as Chancellor of Germany, widely described as the de facto leader of the European Union and the most powerful woman in the world.

Founder of modern nursing, she came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War.

Mathematician and writer known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine, she is sometimes regarded as the first to recognize the full potential of a "computing machine" and the first computer programmer.

Last Queen of France before the French Revolution, she became a symbol of the excesses of the monarchy and is often credited with the famous phrase 'Let them eat cake', although there is no evidence she actually said it.

Second wife of King Henry VIII and mother of Queen Elizabeth I. Her marriage to Henry VIII and her subsequent execution led to the English Reformation.

One of Ireland's patron saints alongside Patrick and Columba, Saint Brigid of Kildare founded several convents including that of Kildare which became a center for religion and learning.

Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567 whose tumultuous reign and tragic life ended with her execution on suspicion of plotting to assassinate her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Medieval writer and one of the earliest feminists, Christine de Pizan's works argued for women's education and equality and criticized the misogyny in courtly literature.

A British suffragist and feminist who led the non-violent campaign for women's rights to vote, and played a key role in gaining the first votes for women in Britain.

British nurse during World War I who saved the lives of soldiers from both sides without discrimination and helped some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium.

Queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire in 60 or 61 AD, known for her fierce resistance to Roman rule.

Ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 to 1780 and mother of Marie Antoinette. She implemented significant reforms to strengthen the empire internally and in its European context.

Countess of Flanders in the mid-ninth century and well-known patron of the arts and architecture. Her influence is identified with the spread of the Carolingian Renaissance in the Low Countries.