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Discovery of the New World, 1492-1504

First European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, 1497-1499

His expedition was the first to circumnavigate the Earth, 1519-1522

Known for his travels through Asia, described in 'The Travels of Marco Polo', 1271-1295

Conquest of the Aztec Empire, 1519-1521

Conquest of the Inca Empire, 1532-1533

Discovered parts of North America's east coast, 1497

The Americas are named after him, he identified the New World as a separate continent, 1499-1502

Explored the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to Canada as a French territory, 1534-1542

First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe, plundered Spanish ships, 1577-1580

Explored the southeastern United States, 1539-1542

Founded Quebec and New France, explored the Great Lakes region, 1603-1635

Explored what is now New York and the river named after him, 1609

First European to sail around the southern tip of Africa, 1488

Made first contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand, 1768-1779

First European to see and describe the Pacific Ocean from the New World, 1513

Explored the southwestern United States, 1527-1536

Discovered Brazil, claiming it for Portugal, 1500

Explored Florida, he is associated with the legend of the Fountain of Youth, 1513

Discovered Tasmania, New Zealand, and other Pacific Islands, 1642-1644

Sought the Northeast Passage, discovered the Svalbard archipelago, 1594-1597

Explored the Pacific and the coast of California, his final expedition was lost at sea, 1785-1788

Explored the African interior, famously searched for the source of the Nile, 1840s-1873

First to reach the South Pole, led the first expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage, 1903-1928