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Anscombe was a prominent figure in the philosophy of action, ethics, and the philosophy of mind. She criticized consequentialism and introduced the term 'consequentialism'. Her work 'Intention' is a landmark in the philosophy of action.

Quine challenged the analytic-synthetic distinction and propagated a holistic view of knowledge in his theory of confirmation. He also worked extensively on logic, set theory, and the philosophy of language.

Moore is best known for his defense of common sense realism and his critique of skepticism. He articulated the 'naturalistic fallacy' in ethics and supported the non-naturalistic approach.

Considered the father of analytic philosophy, Frege invented predicate logic, which became a fundamental aspect of the discipline. His work on the philosophy of language, especially about the meaning and reference, was highly influential.

Davidson made significant contributions to the philosophy of language, mind, and action. He is known for his theory of action, anomalous monism, and the principle of charity in the interpretation of linguistic meaning.

Quine's 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism' criticizes the reduction of meaningful statements to logical constructs. His work on the indeterminacy of translation and ontological relativity are also significant contributions.

Kripke's works, including 'Naming and Necessity', introduced groundbreaking theories on necessity, reference, and identity. His Kripke semantics for modal logic has had a significant impact.

Lewis proposed modal realism—the idea that all possible worlds are as real as the actual world. His counterfactual analysis of causation and his contributions to many areas of metaphysics and logic are well-regarded.

Russell is known for his work in logic, philosophy of language, and epistemology. He co-authored 'Principia Mathematica', a foundational text in symbolic logic, and advocated for logical atomism.

Ayer popularized logical positivism in the English-speaking world with his book 'Language, Truth, and Logic'. He was a proponent of the verification principle and emotivism in ethics.

Churchland is a noted philosopher of neuroscience and mind. She promotes neurophilosophy and is a proponent of eliminative materialism, which argues against traditional views of the mind.

Wittgenstein made significant contributions with his works, 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' and 'Philosophical Investigations'. His philosophy evolved from logical atomism to ordinary language philosophy, questioning the relationship between language and reality.

Rucker, though primarily known as a mathematician and science fiction writer, has delved into philosophical issues related to logic and consciousness in his writings.

Popper is best known for his philosophy of science, especially his criterion of falsifiability as a demarcation of scientific theory. He also contributed to political philosophy and social science methodology.