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Phenomenology Fundamentals

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Lifeworld (Lebenswelt)

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Husserl's concept of the 'lifeworld' is the pre-reflective, lived experience underlying the natural and human sciences.

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Phenomenological Reduction

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This is a method proposed by Husserl to strip away layers of preconception and reveal the pure essence of phenomena as they are experienced.

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Sartre's 'Being-for-Others'

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Jean-Paul Sartre's notion that our self-awareness and identity are largely shaped through our relationships with other people, which can lead to experiences of objectification.

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Embodiment

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Embodiment is the lived experience of the body, emphasized by Maurice Merleau-Ponty as a primary mode of being-in-the-world and engaging with reality.

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Intersubjectivity

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In phenomenology, intersubjectivity refers to the shared, social structures of experience, highlighting how understanding is formed through interactions with others.

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Epoché

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Epoché is Husserl's term for the suspension of judgments about the existence of the external world, allowing the study of consciousness to be free from presuppositions.

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Noema

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The noema is the object or content as it is experienced in the act of consciousness, central to Husserl’s theory of intentionality.

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Dasein

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A key concept of Martin Heidegger's existential phenomenology; it refers to the 'being-there' or 'being-in-the-world' and emphasizes the individual's existence and experience.

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Intentionality

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Intentionality refers to the concept that consciousness is always about something, a fundamental principle in phenomenology introduced by Franz Brentano and further developed by Edmund Husserl.

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Hermeneutic Phenomenology

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This approach, associated with Heidegger, Gadamer, and Ricoeur, blends phenomenology with hermeneutics to interpret the meanings of lived experiences.

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Noesis

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In phenomenology, noesis refers to the act of consciousness itself, or the way in which something is experienced by the subject.

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Genetic Phenomenology

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An extension of Husserl’s method; it explores how meaning and the structures of experience are generated over time.

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Being-towards-death

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Heidegger's concept that Dasein is fundamentally aware of its mortality, which brings authenticity and urgency to its existence.

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The Other

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In the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, the Other is a foundational ethical relation, recognizing the inherent value and alterity of others outside oneself.

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Reductive Phenomenology

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A method rooted in Husserl's principles used to describe and isolate the pure qualities of phenomena without assuming an existence beyond conscious experience.

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The Phenomenological Movement

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A philosophical movement initiated in the early 20th century, primarily by Edmund Husserl, aiming to investigate and describe phenomena as directly experienced.

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Max Scheler's Value Theory

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Max Scheler expanded phenomenology to the realm of ethics, focusing on the intentional feeling and experience of values, rather than their objective content.

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Facticity

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Term used by Heidegger and Sartre to denote the concrete details against which the background of human lives are thrown without choice, such as birthplace, social context, and physical attributes.

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