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Phenomenology Fundamentals
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Lifeworld (Lebenswelt)
Husserl's concept of the 'lifeworld' is the pre-reflective, lived experience underlying the natural and human sciences.
Phenomenological Reduction
This is a method proposed by Husserl to strip away layers of preconception and reveal the pure essence of phenomena as they are experienced.
Sartre's 'Being-for-Others'
Jean-Paul Sartre's notion that our self-awareness and identity are largely shaped through our relationships with other people, which can lead to experiences of objectification.
Embodiment
Embodiment is the lived experience of the body, emphasized by Maurice Merleau-Ponty as a primary mode of being-in-the-world and engaging with reality.
Intersubjectivity
In phenomenology, intersubjectivity refers to the shared, social structures of experience, highlighting how understanding is formed through interactions with others.
Epoché
Epoché is Husserl's term for the suspension of judgments about the existence of the external world, allowing the study of consciousness to be free from presuppositions.
Noema
The noema is the object or content as it is experienced in the act of consciousness, central to Husserl’s theory of intentionality.
Dasein
A key concept of Martin Heidegger's existential phenomenology; it refers to the 'being-there' or 'being-in-the-world' and emphasizes the individual's existence and experience.
Intentionality
Intentionality refers to the concept that consciousness is always about something, a fundamental principle in phenomenology introduced by Franz Brentano and further developed by Edmund Husserl.
Hermeneutic Phenomenology
This approach, associated with Heidegger, Gadamer, and Ricoeur, blends phenomenology with hermeneutics to interpret the meanings of lived experiences.
Noesis
In phenomenology, noesis refers to the act of consciousness itself, or the way in which something is experienced by the subject.
Genetic Phenomenology
An extension of Husserl’s method; it explores how meaning and the structures of experience are generated over time.
Being-towards-death
Heidegger's concept that Dasein is fundamentally aware of its mortality, which brings authenticity and urgency to its existence.
The Other
In the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, the Other is a foundational ethical relation, recognizing the inherent value and alterity of others outside oneself.
Reductive Phenomenology
A method rooted in Husserl's principles used to describe and isolate the pure qualities of phenomena without assuming an existence beyond conscious experience.
The Phenomenological Movement
A philosophical movement initiated in the early 20th century, primarily by Edmund Husserl, aiming to investigate and describe phenomena as directly experienced.
Max Scheler's Value Theory
Max Scheler expanded phenomenology to the realm of ethics, focusing on the intentional feeling and experience of values, rather than their objective content.
Facticity
Term used by Heidegger and Sartre to denote the concrete details against which the background of human lives are thrown without choice, such as birthplace, social context, and physical attributes.
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