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Shestov (1866-1938) was a Russian existentialist philosopher. He critiqued rationalism and emphasized the significance of personal revelation and faith in 'All Things Are Possible'.

In this book, Nietzsche asserts the death of God and the importance of creating individual values. It is known for its style that combines poetry and philosophy.

Marcel (1889-1973) was a French philosopher and playwright who coined the term 'existential mystery' and focused on themes of human existence, despair, and hope in works like 'The Mystery of Being'.

Often considered the first existentialist philosopher, Kierkegaard (1813-1855) focused on personal choice and commitment. He introduced the concepts of angst, the Leap of Faith, and the Three Stages of Life.

Although not a philosopher by profession, the Russian novelist Dostoevsky's (1821-1881) works, such as 'Notes from Underground' and 'The Brothers Karamazov', are rich in existential themes like free will and the problem of evil.

Unamuno (1864-1936) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, and poet, whose work 'The Tragic Sense of Life' emphasized the irrationality of human existence and the importance of passion over reason.

Camus uses the allegory of a plague-stricken town to explore themes of existence, the absurd, and human resilience and solidarity.

A French philosopher (1905-1980) who coined the phrase 'existence precedes essence' and believed in the absolute freedom of humans to make choices. He developed the concept of 'bad faith' and was a leading figure in 20th-century existentialism.

Tillich (1886-1965), a German-American theologian and philosopher, developed the concept of 'the courage to be', integrating existential ideas with Christian theology in 'The Courage to Be'.

Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) was a Spanish philosopher who introduced the 'ratiovitalism' theory and wrote about 'life as radical reality' in his book 'Man and People'.

This work by Kierkegaard explores the biblical story of Abraham and Isaac, exemplifying the concept of the 'leap of faith' and the knight of faith's individual experience with the divine.

Kafka (1883-1924), a Czech writer, depicted the alienation and anxiety of modern life. His novella 'The Metamorphosis' is an existential exploration of identity and individuality.

Sartre's principal philosophical work delves into phenomenological ontology and introduces ideas such as 'being-for-itself' and 'being-in-itself', framing human existence within a framework of freedom and responsibility.

Levinas (1906-1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish descent who introduced the philosophy of the Other, contending that ethics is the first philosophy, especially in works like 'Totality and Infinity'.

Barth (1886-1968) was a Swiss Reformed theologian known for his work in dialectical theology. His existential influence is evident in his belief that faith involves a personal encounter with God.

Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher who explored nihilism, the will to power, and the idea of the Übermensch. His work 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra' is a noted existential text.

Camus (1913-1960) was a French-Algerian philosopher who introduced the concept of Absurdism and wrote 'The Myth of Sisyphus' and 'The Stranger'. He believed that life is inherently without meaning, which is the 'absurd'.

De Beauvoir (1908-1986) was a French existentialist philosopher who wrote 'The Ethics of Ambiguity' and 'The Second Sex'. She focused on the ethics of freedom and the otherness of women.

Heidegger (1889-1976) was a German philosopher who developed the concept of Dasein and focused on the question of Being. His work 'Being and Time' is considered a seminal text in existential thought.