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Philosophical Hermeneutics
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Friedrich Schleiermacher
Often considered the father of modern hermeneutics, Schleiermacher introduced the idea that interpretation involves both understanding the author's intention and the text's linguistic context.
Wilhelm Dilthey
Dilthey was a German historian and philosopher who distinguished between natural sciences (Naturwissenschaften) and human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften) and argued for the development of a hermeneutic method specifically for the human sciences.
Emilio Betti
An Italian jurist and philosopher, Betti is known for his hermeneutic theory that emphasizes the reconstruction of the author's original intentions and the autonomy of the text from its creator.
Hermeneutics of Suspicion
A term coined by Paul Ricoeur to describe a critical interpretive approach adopted by thinkers like Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, who aimed to uncover hidden meanings and illusions in texts.
Hermeneutic Circle
The hermeneutic circle is the process of understanding a text as a whole from the individual parts and vice versa. It emphasizes the reciprocal nature of interpretation.
Philological Hermeneutics
A branch of hermeneutics concerning the critical study and interpretation of texts, focusing on their language, structure, and historical context to determine meaning.
Horizontverschmelzung (Fusion of Horizons)
This concept, developed by Gadamer, describes how the historical and cultural horizon of the interpreter merges with that of the text or the author to create a new understanding.
Critical Hermeneutics
A framework within hermeneutics that integrates critical theory, aiming to uncover power structures, ideologies, and biases within texts, and foster emancipation through interpretation.
Martin Heidegger
Heidegger, a German philosopher, placed emphasis on the existential and ontological dimensions of hermeneutics in his work 'Being and Time', which discussed the concept of Dasein and its role in interpretation.
Hermeneutic Phenomenology
An approach that combines hermeneutics with phenomenology, focusing on interpreting the lived experiences of individuals and the meaning of phenomena as they appear to consciousness.
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Gadamer was a German philosopher who contributed significantly to hermeneutics with his work 'Truth and Method', which expands on the hermeneutic circle and emphasizes historical context and the interpreter’s role.
Paul Ricoeur
Ricoeur was a French philosopher whose hermeneutic philosophy includes the 'theory of interpretation', which posits that interpretation is a dialectic between explanation and understanding, integrating structural analysis into hermeneutics.
Psychoanalytic Hermeneutics
A method of interpretation that applies principles from psychoanalysis, especially those developed by Freud and his followers, to understand the underlying meaning of texts and human behavior.
Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics
Gadamer's approach to hermeneutics, which insists on the importance of dialogue and acknowledges the historicity and cultural embeddedness of understanding, transcending mere interpretation of texts.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
A French phenomenological philosopher who influenced hermeneutics by exploring the primacy of perception and the embodied nature of understanding and interpretation in his work.
Existential Hermeneutics
This approach to hermeneutics, associated with Martin Heidegger, emphasizes the existential conditions of being and understanding in the interpretive process.
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