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Philosophical Hermeneutics

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Friedrich Schleiermacher

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Often considered the father of modern hermeneutics, Schleiermacher introduced the idea that interpretation involves both understanding the author's intention and the text's linguistic context.

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Wilhelm Dilthey

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Dilthey was a German historian and philosopher who distinguished between natural sciences (Naturwissenschaften) and human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften) and argued for the development of a hermeneutic method specifically for the human sciences.

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Emilio Betti

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An Italian jurist and philosopher, Betti is known for his hermeneutic theory that emphasizes the reconstruction of the author's original intentions and the autonomy of the text from its creator.

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Hermeneutics of Suspicion

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A term coined by Paul Ricoeur to describe a critical interpretive approach adopted by thinkers like Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, who aimed to uncover hidden meanings and illusions in texts.

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Hermeneutic Circle

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The hermeneutic circle is the process of understanding a text as a whole from the individual parts and vice versa. It emphasizes the reciprocal nature of interpretation.

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Philological Hermeneutics

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A branch of hermeneutics concerning the critical study and interpretation of texts, focusing on their language, structure, and historical context to determine meaning.

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Horizontverschmelzung (Fusion of Horizons)

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This concept, developed by Gadamer, describes how the historical and cultural horizon of the interpreter merges with that of the text or the author to create a new understanding.

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Critical Hermeneutics

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A framework within hermeneutics that integrates critical theory, aiming to uncover power structures, ideologies, and biases within texts, and foster emancipation through interpretation.

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Martin Heidegger

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Heidegger, a German philosopher, placed emphasis on the existential and ontological dimensions of hermeneutics in his work 'Being and Time', which discussed the concept of Dasein and its role in interpretation.

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Hermeneutic Phenomenology

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An approach that combines hermeneutics with phenomenology, focusing on interpreting the lived experiences of individuals and the meaning of phenomena as they appear to consciousness.

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Hans-Georg Gadamer

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Gadamer was a German philosopher who contributed significantly to hermeneutics with his work 'Truth and Method', which expands on the hermeneutic circle and emphasizes historical context and the interpreter’s role.

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Paul Ricoeur

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Ricoeur was a French philosopher whose hermeneutic philosophy includes the 'theory of interpretation', which posits that interpretation is a dialectic between explanation and understanding, integrating structural analysis into hermeneutics.

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Psychoanalytic Hermeneutics

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A method of interpretation that applies principles from psychoanalysis, especially those developed by Freud and his followers, to understand the underlying meaning of texts and human behavior.

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Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics

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Gadamer's approach to hermeneutics, which insists on the importance of dialogue and acknowledges the historicity and cultural embeddedness of understanding, transcending mere interpretation of texts.

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Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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A French phenomenological philosopher who influenced hermeneutics by exploring the primacy of perception and the embodied nature of understanding and interpretation in his work.

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Existential Hermeneutics

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This approach to hermeneutics, associated with Martin Heidegger, emphasizes the existential conditions of being and understanding in the interpretive process.

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