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Key Concepts in Existentialism

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Bad Faith

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A concept where individuals deceive themselves to escape the anxiety that comes with the freedom of choice and responsibility for one's own actions.

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The Absurd

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Refers to the conflict between the human tendency to seek inherent value and meaning in life and the human inability to find any in a purposeless, meaningless universe.

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Existence Precedes Essence

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This concept conveys that individuals first exist without predetermined purpose or essence and must then create meaning through action.

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Authenticity

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This means living in accordance with one's self-generated values and understanding, as opposed to living in accordance with societal pressures or external standards.

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Nihilism

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A philosophical viewpoint that denies any objective meaning or intrinsic value in life, with the belief that life is devoid of purpose, value, or truth.

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Being-toward-death

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An individual's acknowledgement of their own finite life, which can lead to a more authentic existence by confronting mortality directly.

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Angst

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A profound form of anxiety or dread invoking the individual's confrontation with the absurdity of existence and their own freedom and responsibility.

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Facticity

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This refers to the concrete details against the background of which human freedom exists and is limited, such as birthplace, age, and the historical context.

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Existential Guilt

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The feeling of having compromised one's own potential to become oneself, or the sense of having failed to fully take responsibility for one's life.

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Throwness

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A term used to describe the random and unintentional nature of one's birth into a specific time, place, and situation, which is not chosen.

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Existential Freedom

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The recognition of the inherent capacity for choice and agency inherent to human beings, which comes with existential responsibility.

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The Look

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The experience of realizing that one is not the only free subject, but can also be an object in someone else's world. It's central to Sartre's idea of intersubjectivity.

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Dasein

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A term used by Heidegger to describe the experience of being that is aware of and must confront its own existence and mortality.

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Existential Crisis

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A period of psychological upheaval precipitated by a person's confrontation with the existential aspects of life, such as meaning, purpose, and death.

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Existential Psychotherapy

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A form of psychotherapy that uses the concepts of existential philosophy to explore and alleviate an individual's anxiety, despair, and feelings of meaninglessness.

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Absurd Hero

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A character who perseveres to seek meaning in life despite knowing that the universe is indifferent and meaningless, emphasizing the human spirit.

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The Will to Power

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Nietzsche's concept describing the drive of individuals to assert and express themselves and shape their own experiences despite inherent meaninglessness.

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The Other

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The concept of the 'Other' elucidates how individuals or groups define themselves in opposition to others, which can result in feelings of alienation.

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Existential Anguish

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The feeling of dread that arises from accepting the burden of our own freedom and the responsibility for making choices that shape our existence.

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Freedom

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In existentialism, the idea that each person has the freedom to shape their own life through choices, despite existential limits like facticity.

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