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James popularized pragmatism and emphasized the role of belief and action in the pursuit of truth. He believed in pluralism and the 'will to believe'.

Regarded as the 'father of pragmatism', Peirce introduced the pragmatic maxim, which considers the practical effects of the objects of our conception. He emphasized the scientific method and fallibilism.

Putnam made significant contributions to philosophy of mind, language, and science. His 'internal realism' posits that truth is not correspondence but rather rational acceptability.

Lewis developed conceptual pragmatism, focusing on the a priori structures of knowledge and the critical assessment of knowledge claims.

Mead is known for his work on symbolic interactionism, highlighting the role of communication and gestures in the development of the self and society.

Dewey focused on the interplay between individuals and society. He developed the concept of instrumentalism and promoted experiential education.

Addams applied pragmatist philosophy to social reform and the settlement house movement, emphasizing empathy, democratic ideals, and grassroots community support.

Locke was a pragmatist philosopher who played a crucial role in the Harlem Renaissance. He stressed the significance of cultural pluralism and the role of value in collective social philosophy.

Haack is known for her advocacy of scientific inquiry grounded in a pragmatist theory of evidence and truth. She formulated the doctrine of 'foundherentism', combining foundationalism and coherentism in epistemology.

Rescher promotes process philosophy and is concerned with systematic coherence in addressing philosophical questions, integrating pragmatic reasoning with challenges of philosophical pluralism.

Rorty was a prominent 20th-century philosopher who criticized the traditional philosophical quest for truth. He advocated for a version of pragmatism that eschews representationalism in favor of a focus on solidarity and conversation.

Bernstein's work synthesizes classical pragmatism with contemporary issues. He emphasizes the importance of democratic ethos and the interplay of context and rationality.

Putnam advanced pragmatism through the lenses of ethics and humanism. She emphasized the role of moral reasoning in everyday life and the importance of practical outcomes over abstract principles.

Quine challenged the analytic-synthetic distinction and introduced the concept of ontological relativity. He also contributed to the philosophy of logic and science.