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Phenomenology, ontology and the question of Being, Dasein.

Existentialism, feminism, ethics of ambiguity, liberation from societal expectations.

Transcendental idealism, space and time as forms of intuition, things-in-themselves (noumena).

Absolute idealism, reality is the manifestation of the absolute, dialectical method.

Theory of Forms, belief in an abstract world of perfect forms or ideas distinct from the physical world.

Philosophy of difference, ontology of becoming and multiplicity, rhizomatic thinking.

Analytic philosophy, logical atomism, theories of descriptions and logical types.

Empiricism, skepticism about metaphysical concepts like causality and self.

Monism, ethical philosophy, 'God or Nature' (Deus sive Natura), as the single substance of reality.

Concept of Geist (Spirit), world history as the progress of consciousness, absolute knowing through dialectics.

Perspectivism, criticism of traditional metaphysical concepts, 'Will to Power'.

Language philosophy, limits of language define the limits of the world, later the concept of 'language games'.

Philosophy of science, falsification as a demarcation criterion for science, critique of historicism.

Primordial substance as water, nature has inherent order, significance of change and permanence.

Tabula rasa, empiricism, theory of knowledge based on experience.

Existentialism, existence precedes essence, radical freedom and responsibility of the individual.

Cartesian dualism, existence of the material world and the non-material mind.

Monadology, theory of pre-established harmony, metaphysics of simple substances.

Integration of Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, existence of God as the 'Unmoved Mover'.

Philosophical pessimism, will as the fundamental reality, representation as the world as we perceive it.

Existentialism, subjectivity as truth, leap of faith in the face of absurdity.

Substance theory, Four causes, Potentiality and actuality.

Philosophy of time and consciousness, élan vital as the creative force of life, critique of mechanistic determinism.

Founder of phenomenology, intentionality, emphasis on the lived experience and consciousness.