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Metaphysics of Morality
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Flashcards
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Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism connects to metaphysical questions by challenging the nature of good and its role in the fabric of reality; it posits that moral value arises from the maximization of overall happiness.
Deontological Ethics
Deontology links morality to metaphysical principles of duty and universal laws, rather than the consequences of actions, emphasizing the inherent nature of moral obligations.
Virtue Ethics
Virtue ethics relates to metaphysics by focusing on the character of a moral agent as a primary element of ethical thinking, inherently questioning the essence of virtues and their place in a well-lived life.
Moral Realism
Moral realism holds that there are objective moral facts, connecting to metaphysical inquiries about the existence of moral properties independent of human perception or social conventions.
Moral Relativism
Moral relativism denies objective moral truths and connects to metaphysical debates concerning the ontological status of moral values and whether they are socially constructed or universally applicable.
Moral Skepticism
Moral skepticism questions the existence of moral knowledge, engaging with metaphysical discussions on whether moral beliefs can be justified or if they are inherently uncertain.
Natural Law Theory
Natural Law Theory posits that morality is grounded in objective and universal human nature, linking to metaphysical questions about the existence of moral laws as innate aspects of reality.
Divine Command Theory
Divine Command Theory ties moral values to the will of a divine being, reflecting metaphysical concerns about the relationship between morality and higher, possibly transcendent, powers.
Contractualism
Contractualism sees moral principles as arising from agreements between rational agents, raising metaphysical questions about the nature of rationality and the social constructs of morality.
Ethical Egoism
Ethical Egoism suggests that actions are moral if they promote the individual's best interest, leading to metaphysical explorations of the self and its relation to moral action.
Existential Ethics
Existential ethics focuses on individual freedom and authenticity, connecting to metaphysical themes such as the nature of the self and the construction of meaning in a universe without inherent values.
Consequentialism
Consequentialism determines morality based on the outcomes of actions, touching upon metaphysical questions around the nature of consequences and their relevance to moral evaluation.
Moral Subjectivism
Moral Subjectivism holds that moral judgments are statements of personal opinion or attitudes, which implicates metaphysical debates on the subjectivity of values and their relationship to the mind.
Moral Nihilism
Moral nihilism asserts the non-existence of inherent moral values, aligning with metaphysical positions that question the existence or validity of morality as a concept.
Hedonism
Hedonism equates the good with pleasure, which leads to metaphysical inquiry into the essence of pleasure and its status as the ultimate moral good.
Epistemic Virtue
Epistemic virtue connects to metaphysics by exploring the traits that constitute good epistemic practice, raising questions about the metaphysical underpinnings of knowledge and belief.
Justice as Fairness
Justice as fairness is linked to metaphysical concepts of equality and the just society, examining how abstract principles translate into tangible societal constructs.
Care Ethics
Care ethics emphasizes interpersonal relationships and needs, leading to metaphysical discussions on the ontology of care and its role in the moral landscape.
Moral Pluralism
Moral pluralism acknowledges the possibility of multiple valid moral perspectives, challenging metaphysical assumptions about the universality and singularity of moral truth.
Meta-Ethics
Meta-ethics studies the nature, origins, and meanings of ethical concepts, directly addressing metaphysical issues of the existence and ontology of moral values and practices.
Moral Psychology
Moral psychology examines the psychological underpinnings of moral behavior, engaging with metaphysical inquiries about the relationship between consciousness, free will, and ethical actions.
Normative Ethics
Normative ethics proposes theories on how to act morally, raising metaphysical questions about the prescriptive nature of ethics and how it relates to the fundamental structure of the moral universe.
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