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Metaphysics of Morality

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Deontological Ethics

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Deontology links morality to metaphysical principles of duty and universal laws, rather than the consequences of actions, emphasizing the inherent nature of moral obligations.

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Virtue Ethics

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Virtue ethics relates to metaphysics by focusing on the character of a moral agent as a primary element of ethical thinking, inherently questioning the essence of virtues and their place in a well-lived life.

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Justice as Fairness

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Justice as fairness is linked to metaphysical concepts of equality and the just society, examining how abstract principles translate into tangible societal constructs.

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Normative Ethics

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Normative ethics proposes theories on how to act morally, raising metaphysical questions about the prescriptive nature of ethics and how it relates to the fundamental structure of the moral universe.

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Care Ethics

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Care ethics emphasizes interpersonal relationships and needs, leading to metaphysical discussions on the ontology of care and its role in the moral landscape.

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Consequentialism

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Consequentialism determines morality based on the outcomes of actions, touching upon metaphysical questions around the nature of consequences and their relevance to moral evaluation.

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Moral Pluralism

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Moral pluralism acknowledges the possibility of multiple valid moral perspectives, challenging metaphysical assumptions about the universality and singularity of moral truth.

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Utilitarianism

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Utilitarianism connects to metaphysical questions by challenging the nature of good and its role in the fabric of reality; it posits that moral value arises from the maximization of overall happiness.

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Moral Relativism

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Moral relativism denies objective moral truths and connects to metaphysical debates concerning the ontological status of moral values and whether they are socially constructed or universally applicable.

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Moral Subjectivism

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Moral Subjectivism holds that moral judgments are statements of personal opinion or attitudes, which implicates metaphysical debates on the subjectivity of values and their relationship to the mind.

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Moral Skepticism

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Moral skepticism questions the existence of moral knowledge, engaging with metaphysical discussions on whether moral beliefs can be justified or if they are inherently uncertain.

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Moral Realism

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Moral realism holds that there are objective moral facts, connecting to metaphysical inquiries about the existence of moral properties independent of human perception or social conventions.

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Moral Nihilism

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Moral nihilism asserts the non-existence of inherent moral values, aligning with metaphysical positions that question the existence or validity of morality as a concept.

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Ethical Egoism

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Ethical Egoism suggests that actions are moral if they promote the individual's best interest, leading to metaphysical explorations of the self and its relation to moral action.

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Epistemic Virtue

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Epistemic virtue connects to metaphysics by exploring the traits that constitute good epistemic practice, raising questions about the metaphysical underpinnings of knowledge and belief.

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Divine Command Theory

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Divine Command Theory ties moral values to the will of a divine being, reflecting metaphysical concerns about the relationship between morality and higher, possibly transcendent, powers.

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Existential Ethics

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Existential ethics focuses on individual freedom and authenticity, connecting to metaphysical themes such as the nature of the self and the construction of meaning in a universe without inherent values.

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Natural Law Theory

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Natural Law Theory posits that morality is grounded in objective and universal human nature, linking to metaphysical questions about the existence of moral laws as innate aspects of reality.

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Meta-Ethics

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Meta-ethics studies the nature, origins, and meanings of ethical concepts, directly addressing metaphysical issues of the existence and ontology of moral values and practices.

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Hedonism

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Hedonism equates the good with pleasure, which leads to metaphysical inquiry into the essence of pleasure and its status as the ultimate moral good.

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Moral Psychology

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Moral psychology examines the psychological underpinnings of moral behavior, engaging with metaphysical inquiries about the relationship between consciousness, free will, and ethical actions.

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Contractualism

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Contractualism sees moral principles as arising from agreements between rational agents, raising metaphysical questions about the nature of rationality and the social constructs of morality.

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