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Research in neuroscience suggests certain brain activity precedes conscious decision-making, challenging traditional notions of free will.

An argument for incompatibilism, positing that if determinism is true, then no one has control over the consequences of past actions or the laws of nature, thus no control over present actions.

A key issue in the free will debate concerning whether individuals can be held accountable for their actions if those actions are determined.

The view that because free will does not exist, individuals should not be morally blamed or praised for their actions.

A philosophical theory emphasizing individual freedom, choice, and agency, asserting that individuals create their own meaning and essence through their free actions.

The view that all events are determined entirely by preceding causes, and therefore human choices and actions are not free.

The belief in the dual nature of mind and body, which could provide a framework for understanding free will as part of the non-physical mind.

The view that determinism and free will cannot both be true; if determinism is true, then free will is an illusion.

The concept from quantum mechanics suggesting that on the subatomic level, events are not determined, possibly opening a path for free will.

The view that mind or a mind-like aspect is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality, which may have implications for understanding free will.

The metaphysical concept that individuals can start new causal chains that are not predetermined by external events or past actions.

An argument suggesting past scientific theories have often been proven wrong, so current theories about determinism might also be false, leaving room for free will.

A principle stating that a person is morally responsible for their actions only if they could have done otherwise.

The idea that the sense of will or agency we experience is an illusion created by the brain, which could align with a determinist perspective.

The belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable, a type of determinism that often implies a passive acceptance rather than active determinism.

The concept that every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature.

A debate relating to determinism involving whether human behavior is controlled by genetics (nature) or environment and upbringing (nurture).

Similar to compatibilism, it's the view that free will and moral responsibility are compatible with the deterministic nature of the universe.

The belief that free will and determinism are not mutually exclusive and can coexist; freedom can be defined in a way that is compatible with determinism.

The presupposition in science that all phenomena have natural causes, which implies a deterministic view of the universe.

The theological dilemma about how God's foreknowledge of future events relates to the concept of free will in a theistic paradigm.

The concept that individuals can be morally judged based on factors outside their control, which calls into question the fairness of moral accountability.