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Mixed Martial Arts Terminology
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Armbar
A type of joint lock that hyperextends the elbow joint, commonly performed by placing the opponent's extended arm at the elbow over a fulcrum such as a thigh or an arm.
Leg Kick
A striking technique targeting the opponent's legs using the shin or foot, often aimed at the thighs or calves to damage, off-balance, or immobilize them.
Ground and Pound
A fighting technique involving taking the opponent to the ground, establishing a dominant position, and then striking the opponent primarily with fists and elbows.
Kimura
A type of joint lock attacking the opponent's shoulder, where the attacker grabs the opponent's wrist and curls it inward into a 'figure-four' grip.
Mount
A dominant ground-fighting position where a combatant sits on the opponent's chest, controlling them and leaving them vulnerable to strikes or submissions.
Clinch
A position where fighters are grappling standing up, often used to control the opponent with a close embrace while attempting to set up takedowns, strikes, or submissions.
Guillotine Choke
A chokehold applied from in front, commonly used when an opponent attempts a takedown, where the defending fighter uses their arms to encircle the opponent's neck in a fashion similar to a guillotine.
North-South Position
A ground control position where one fighter is positioned over the other fighter in such a way that they are head-to-head and chest-to-chest, but with the controlling fighter's body perpendicular to the opponent.
Rear-Naked Choke
A chokehold from behind the opponent, where the attacker's arm encircles the opponent's neck with a bicep on one side and forearm on the other, often accompanied with body hooks to prevent escape.
Uppercut
A punch moving in an upward arc, typically targeting the opponent's chin or body, powerful at close range and can cause significant damage or knockouts.
Overhand Punch
A powerful looping punch thrown over the top of the opponent's guard, usually targeting the head and capable of producing knockouts.
Sweep
A technique used from the bottom ground position to reverse the situation, ending with the fighter on the bottom coming to a top control position.
Underhook
A grappling position where one fighter places one or both arms under the opponent's arms and inside their torso, allowing for control and manipulation of the opponent's body.
Take the Back
A position where a fighter takes control of their opponent's back, often looking to secure rear hooks and setting up for rear naked chokes or other submission attempts.
Omoplata
A shoulder lock submission where the attacker uses their legs to trap the opponent's arm and extends their hips upward, creating pressure on the shoulder joint.
Sprawl
A defensive technique used to prevent a takedown, where the defending fighter shoots their legs backward and drops their hips to counter the opponent's forward motion.
Jab
A basic and quick straight punch with the lead hand, used to maintain distance or set up more powerful strikes.
Heel Hook
A submission hold that torques the ankle and knee joint by twisting the heel, considered to be a dangerous technique due to the potential for severe ligament damage.
Takedown
A technique used to bring the opponent to the ground, typically involving leg trips, throws, or body locks, allowing the fighter to transition to ground fighting.
Wrist Control
A technique where a fighter obtains control over the opponent's wrist, allowing them to limit the opponent's movements and potentially set up strikes or submissions.
Guard
A defensive position on the ground in which the fighter on their back wraps their legs around the opponent's torso to control them and prevent damage, while also setting up submissions and sweeps.
Rear Naked Choke
A chokehold from behind the opponent, where the attacker's arm encircles the opponent's neck with a bicep on one side and forearm on the other, often accompanied with body hooks to prevent escape.
Triangle Choke
A submission where the attacker encircles the opponent's neck and one arm with their legs, forming a 'triangle' while cutting off the blood flow to the carotid arteries.
Half Guard
A position where one fighter is lying partially under the opponent with one of the opponent's legs trapped between their own, allowing for various sweeps and transitions.
Full Mount
A ground fighting position where one fighter straddles the other's chest, providing a strong attacking base and control while leaving the opponent highly vulnerable.
Side Control
A dominant ground position where the fighter lies perpendicular on top of the opponent, controlling them with weight distribution and often using the position to strike or set up submissions.
Grappling
A component of MMA involving wrestling and other martial arts techniques where fighters try to gain a positional advantage through various holds and maneuvers without striking.
Submission
A technique in which one fighter forces their opponent to tap out due to a joint lock or choke, signaling that they submit or risk injury or unconsciousness.
Feint
A deceptive movement or attack intended to mislead the opponent, causing them to react in a way that creates openings for a real strike or maneuver.
Striking
The aspect of MMA that involves punches, kicks, elbows, and knees used to damage the opponent or score points in a competition.
Butterfly Guard
A type of guard in grappling where the bottom player places feet between the opponent's legs using hook-like motions to control distance and set up sweeps.
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