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Basic Rock Climbing Terms
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Undercling
A hold that is gripped with the palm of the hand facing upwards, using upward pressure to maintain the grip.
Edging
Using the edge of the climbing shoe to stand on small footholds.
Volume
A large, geometric climbing hold or feature attached to the wall, often used to create more complex routes.
Nut
A piece of climbing protection that is wedged into cracks in the rock face.
Belay
The technique used to keep a climber safe with a rope, involving a belayer who manages the rope to catch the climber in case of a fall.
Quickdraw
A piece of climbing equipment that connects the climbing rope to bolts or gear, consisting of two carabiners connected by a sewn sling or webbing.
Redpoint
Climbing a route cleanly after having previously attempted it.
Smearing
A footwork technique where the climber uses the rubber of their shoe to gain traction on a flat or sloping surface without definite footholds.
Dyno
A dynamic move that involves jumping or lunging from one hold to another.
On-sight
Climbing a route successfully on the first attempt without prior knowledge of the route and without falling or resting on the gear.
Pitch
A section of a climb between two belay points, often a full length of the rope.
Top-rope
Climbing with the rope anchored at the top of the climb, minimizing the distance of a potential fall.
Whipper
A long and dramatic fall taken by a climber when lead climbing, typically safe due to the protection and belaying.
Jug
A large and easy-to-grip hold that climbers can wrap their hands around.
Knots
Ties in the rope used for various purposes such as securing the climber or the belayer to an anchor or to tie in the rope to a harness.
Mantel
A climbing move where the climber presses down with their hands to lift their body onto a ledge, similar to getting out of a pool.
Crimp
A small hold that requires precise finger placement and significant finger strength to grip.
Z-clip
A mistake made when lead climbing where the climber clips the rope into a quickdraw in such a way that it creates a 'Z' pattern and can lead to rope drag or more serious hazards.
Layback
A climbing technique where the climber leans back and pulls on a hold while pushing against another with their feet.
Kneebar
A climbing technique where a climber uses their knee and foot on opposing surfaces to create tension and support their weight.
Send
Successfully climbing a route from start to finish without falling.
Yosemite Decimal System
A system used to rank the difficulty of walks, hikes, and climbs, mostly used in the United States, especially for climbs above 5.0.
Flash
Completing a route on the first attempt without prior practice or beta.
Gaston
A climbing hold grip where the hand is turned thumb-down and pushed outward against a side pull.
X-move
A climbing technique that involves crossing one hand over the other to reach the next hold.
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