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Hiking and Backpacking Key Terms

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Trailhead

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The point at which a trail begins.

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A zigzag path that makes a steep ascent or descent more manageable for hikers.

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Base Layer

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The layer of clothing worn closest to the skin, essential for regulating body temperature and wicking moisture away from the body.

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Trekking Poles

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Supportive tools designed to assist hikers in maintaining balance and reducing stress on joints while traversing difficult terrain.

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Gaiters

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Protective garments worn over the shoe and lower leg to keep out water, mud, and stones.

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Hypothermia

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A potentially dangerous drop in body temperature, caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures.

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Layering

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Wearing multiple layers of clothing, which can be added or removed to regulate body temperature and adapt to changing weather conditions.

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Moorland

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Upland areas characterized by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils.

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Fjord

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A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley.

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Katabatic Winds

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Strong, cold downslope winds that are typically found along mountain slopes.

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Avalanche

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A rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface, which can be dangerous for hikers and mountaineers in certain conditions.

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Guyline

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A tensioned cable or cord used to stabilize a tent, tarp, or other structure.

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Hydration Pack

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A water reservoir or bladder with a drinking tube that allows hikers to drink hands-free while on the move.

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Glissade

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A method of descending a steep slope of snow or ice by sliding down on one's feet or buttocks, often using an ice axe for control.

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Isotherm

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A line on a map connecting points having the same temperature at a given time or on average over a given period.

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Topographic Map

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A map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in relation to sea level.

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Summit

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The highest point or top of a mountain or hill.

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Orienteering

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A competitive sport that combines racing with navigation. Participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point as quickly as possible.

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Backcountry

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Remote, sparsely inhabited areas, particularly forest or mountain regions, that are accessible only by hiking or other non-motorized means.

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Boreal Forest

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Coniferous forests found in northern regions around the world, characterized by long winters and short summers.

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Lentic Environment

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An ecological term describing stationary or relatively still freshwater, such as lakes, ponds, and wetlands.

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Leave No Trace

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A set of ethical guidelines designed to promote conservation in the outdoors by minimizing human impact on the environment.

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Scree

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Loose stones and rocks covering a slope, often encountered in mountainous regions and can make hiking more challenging.

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Bivy Sack

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A small, lightweight, waterproof shelter designed to cover a sleeping bag for protection against the elements.

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Contour Line

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A line on a map that connects points of equal elevation.

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Deadman Anchor

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An anchor constructed by burying an object in snow or sand to provide support in areas where traditional anchors would not hold.

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Eddy

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A circular movement of water, counter to a main current, causing a small whirlpool.

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Cairn

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A human-made pile or stack of stones often used to mark a trail or a summit.

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Bear Bag

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A bag used by campers and hikers to store food and other items that can attract bears, often hung from a tree to keep it out of the bear's reach.

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Ridge

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A long, narrow elevated land formation, often with steep sides, which is higher than a hill.

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