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Common Horseback Riding Terms

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Saddle

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A supportive structure for a rider of an animal, fastened to an animal's back by a girth.

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Trot

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A two-beat gait of a horse where diagonal pairs of legs move forward together.

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Yearling

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A young horse of either sex that is between one and two years old.

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Paddock

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A small field or enclosure where horses are kept or exercised.

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Gait

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The manner in which a horse moves its legs and feet while walking, trotting, cantering, etc.

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Equitation

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The art and practice of horse riding, especially in reference to the rider's position and ability to ride correctly and with effective aids.

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Tack

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The collective term for the various pieces of equipment worn by horses in the course of their use by humans.

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Lope

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The Western term for a canter, a slow, relaxed version of the three-beat gait.

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Posting

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The motion by the rider of rising out of the saddle in time with the horse's trot to have a smoother ride.

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Rein

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A long, narrow strap attached at one end to a horse's bit, used by the rider to control the horse.

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Hand

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A unit of measurement for the height of a horse, measured from the ground to the withers, where each 'hand' is equal to four inches.

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Withers

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The highest part of a horse's back, located between the shoulder blades, used as a standard place to measure horse height.

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Fetlock

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The joint on a horse's leg that is equivalent to the ankle in humans.

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Farrier

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A craftsman who trims and shoes horses' hooves.

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Mare

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A female horse after a certain age or sexual maturity, usually over three years old.

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Canter

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A controlled three-beat gait of a horse that is usually faster than a trot but slower than a gallop.

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Bits

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Pieces of horse tack that are placed in the mouth of a horse, used to aid in controlling a horse while riding.

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Dressage

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A highly skilled form of riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an art sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery.

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Piaffe

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A dressage movement where the horse trots in place, maintaining a rhythmic and elevated trot.

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Collection

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A state of balance and self-carriage of a horse whereby the horse carries more weight on its hindquarters than its forehand.

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Diagonal

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Term used in trotting to refer to the coordination of rider's posting with the horse's leg movements.

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Gelding

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A castrated male horse.

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Martingale

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A piece of equipment used to control a horse's head carriage and to prevent the horse from raising its head too high.

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Furlong

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A measure of distance in horse racing; one eighth of a mile or 220 yards.

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Stallion

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A male horse that has not been castrated, often kept for breeding.

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