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Cultural Competence in Health Psychology

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Cultural Awareness

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Understanding and being conscious of cultural differences and similarities, and knowing that these differences can affect perceptions, behaviors, and interactions. Example: A therapist recognizes that certain emotional expressions may mean different things across cultures.

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Cultural Knowledge

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The process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational foundation about diverse cultural and ethnic groups. Example: A health psychologist studies family structures and roles within different communities to tailor treatment.

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Cultural Skill

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Ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client's presenting problem and accurately perform a culturally-based assessment. Example: A clinician uses culturally relevant assessment tools to diagnose a patient from a different ethnic background.

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Cultural Encounters

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Engaging in direct interactions with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds to modify existing beliefs about a cultural group and avoid stereotyping. Example: A doctor regularly volunteers at a community center serving a particular ethnic group to better understand their health needs.

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Cultural Desire

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The motivation and commitment to engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, knowledgeable, skilled, and seeking encounters. Example: A nurse expresses a genuine concern to learn about the cultural norms of their immigrant patients.

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Culturally Adapted Interventions

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The modification of evidence-based treatments or interventions to consider language, culture, and context in which the target population understands and responds to these interventions. Example: Modifying a smoking cessation program to match the belief systems of a specific cultural group.

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Communication Styles

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Being aware of and sensitive to different communication styles among cultures, including verbal and nonverbal communication. Example: Understanding that in some cultures, it is not customary to make direct eye contact with authority figures.

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Health Literacy

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Ensuring patients understand health information and services, and are able to make appropriate health decisions, which requires health professionals to be sensitive to cultural communication barriers. Example: Providing a patient with materials in their native language to ensure they fully understand their medical condition.

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Ethical Sensitivity

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Understanding and respecting different cultural practices and beliefs, and incorporating this understanding into ethical decision-making in health psychology. Example: Respecting a patient's decision to use traditional healing practices in conjunction with conventional medicine.

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Systemic Sensitivity

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Acknowledging that cultural competence extends beyond the individual to include policies, practices, and structures of the healthcare system that can impact patient care. Example: Advocating for language interpretation services in a clinic to accommodate non-English-speaking patients.

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