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Cultural Competence in Health Psychology
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Cultural Awareness
Understanding and being conscious of cultural differences and similarities, and knowing that these differences can affect perceptions, behaviors, and interactions. Example: A therapist recognizes that certain emotional expressions may mean different things across cultures.
Cultural Knowledge
The process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational foundation about diverse cultural and ethnic groups. Example: A health psychologist studies family structures and roles within different communities to tailor treatment.
Cultural Skill
Ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client's presenting problem and accurately perform a culturally-based assessment. Example: A clinician uses culturally relevant assessment tools to diagnose a patient from a different ethnic background.
Cultural Encounters
Engaging in direct interactions with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds to modify existing beliefs about a cultural group and avoid stereotyping. Example: A doctor regularly volunteers at a community center serving a particular ethnic group to better understand their health needs.
Cultural Desire
The motivation and commitment to engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, knowledgeable, skilled, and seeking encounters. Example: A nurse expresses a genuine concern to learn about the cultural norms of their immigrant patients.
Culturally Adapted Interventions
The modification of evidence-based treatments or interventions to consider language, culture, and context in which the target population understands and responds to these interventions. Example: Modifying a smoking cessation program to match the belief systems of a specific cultural group.
Communication Styles
Being aware of and sensitive to different communication styles among cultures, including verbal and nonverbal communication. Example: Understanding that in some cultures, it is not customary to make direct eye contact with authority figures.
Health Literacy
Ensuring patients understand health information and services, and are able to make appropriate health decisions, which requires health professionals to be sensitive to cultural communication barriers. Example: Providing a patient with materials in their native language to ensure they fully understand their medical condition.
Ethical Sensitivity
Understanding and respecting different cultural practices and beliefs, and incorporating this understanding into ethical decision-making in health psychology. Example: Respecting a patient's decision to use traditional healing practices in conjunction with conventional medicine.
Systemic Sensitivity
Acknowledging that cultural competence extends beyond the individual to include policies, practices, and structures of the healthcare system that can impact patient care. Example: Advocating for language interpretation services in a clinic to accommodate non-English-speaking patients.
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