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A psychological pain management technique involving restructured negative thoughts into positive, problem-solving ones, often reducing chronic pain by addressing the mental aspect of pain. Effectiveness varies but can be substantial for many patients.

A technique using electronic monitoring to train individuals to gain control over certain bodily functions, which can help reduce pain. Effectiveness depends on patient engagement and the condition being treated.

Involves the practice of mindful awareness and presence in the moment, which can help patients cope with pain by altering their perception of it. Often effective as an adjunctive treatment.

A traditional Chinese medicine technique where thin needles are inserted into the body. It's believed to stimulate the nervous system and release pain-relieving chemicals. Has shown effectiveness for certain types of pain, like lower back and knee pain.

A medical professional guides through exercises, massages, and other treatments to improve mobility and relieve pain. Effectiveness is generally high with injuries or conditions requiring rehabilitation.

Uses guided relaxation and intense concentration to achieve a heightened state of awareness, aiming to help patients gain control over their response to pain. Evidence suggests it can be useful for some chronic pain patients.

Pharmacological interventions like NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and opioids, designed to reduce or eliminate pain. Effectiveness varies widely, with considerations for side effects and potential for addiction.

A therapy that uses low-voltage electrical currents to provide pain relief by interrupting pain signals to the brain. Effectiveness can vary and is more notable in acute pain management.

Sharing knowledge about pain, its mechanisms, and the biopsychosocial model can empower patients to understand and manage their pain better. Can be effective in conjunction with other treatments.