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Health Psychological Models
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Health Belief Model
Key Elements: Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy. Usage: Used to predict and explain health behaviors.
Theory of Planned Behavior
Key Elements: Attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control. Usage: Predicts deliberate behavior based on intention.
Transtheoretical Model
Key Elements: Stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination), processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance. Usage: Assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory
Key Elements: Observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, behavioral capacity, expectations, self-control. Usage: Used to explain how people acquire and maintain certain behavioral patterns.
Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)
Key Elements: Motivational phase with intention formation, volitional phase with planning and action, self-efficacy. Usage: Focuses on the process from intention to action regarding health behaviors.
Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM)
Key Elements: Central route to persuasion, peripheral route to persuasion, motivation and ability to process information. Usage: Explains different ways of processing stimuli, why they are used, and their outcomes on attitude change.
Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)
Key Elements: Threat appraisal (including severity and vulnerability), coping appraisal (including response efficacy and self-efficacy), intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Usage: Explains how people react to threatening information with intentions to protect themselves against health threats.
Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model
Key Elements: Information on risk and prevention, motivation to act on knowledge, behavioral skills to enact the behavior. Usage: Aids in understanding and promoting health behavior change, notably in HIV prevention.
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