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Health Psychological Models

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Health Belief Model

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Key Elements: Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy. Usage: Used to predict and explain health behaviors.

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Theory of Planned Behavior

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Key Elements: Attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control. Usage: Predicts deliberate behavior based on intention.

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Transtheoretical Model

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Key Elements: Stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination), processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance. Usage: Assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior.

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Social Cognitive Theory

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Key Elements: Observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, behavioral capacity, expectations, self-control. Usage: Used to explain how people acquire and maintain certain behavioral patterns.

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Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)

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Key Elements: Motivational phase with intention formation, volitional phase with planning and action, self-efficacy. Usage: Focuses on the process from intention to action regarding health behaviors.

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Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM)

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Key Elements: Central route to persuasion, peripheral route to persuasion, motivation and ability to process information. Usage: Explains different ways of processing stimuli, why they are used, and their outcomes on attitude change.

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Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)

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Key Elements: Threat appraisal (including severity and vulnerability), coping appraisal (including response efficacy and self-efficacy), intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Usage: Explains how people react to threatening information with intentions to protect themselves against health threats.

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Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model

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Key Elements: Information on risk and prevention, motivation to act on knowledge, behavioral skills to enact the behavior. Usage: Aids in understanding and promoting health behavior change, notably in HIV prevention.

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