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Bioinformatics in Genetics

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Functional Genomics

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Focuses on understanding the relationship between an organism's genome and its phenotype, particularly the functions of genes and non-coding regions of the genome.

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Sequence Alignment

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Used to identify similarities and differences between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, which can infer functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships.

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Epigenomics

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The study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, which can affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

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BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)

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Allows researchers to compare a query sequence with a library or database of sequences, and identify library sequences that resemble the query sequence above a certain threshold.

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Genome Assembly

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The process of putting together sequences from short DNA fragments, which reveals the complete genome sequence of an organism.

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Machine Learning in Genomics

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Applied to analyze complex patterns in genomic data, which can lead to the discovery of new genetic features and understandings of disease mechanisms.

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ChIP-seq (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing)

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Combines chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins.

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Microarray Analysis

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Used to detect the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.

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SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) Analysis

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Essential for studying genetic variation between individuals and populations, which can be associated with disease and response to drugs.

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Protein Structure Prediction

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Predicts the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence, which can provide insights into the protein's function.

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RNA-seq (RNA sequencing)

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Enables the study of an organism's transcriptome, the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time.

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CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing

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A genetic engineering tool used to edit genomes with high precision, which has revolutionized genetics by enabling targeted modifications to DNA.

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Phylogenetics

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The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms.

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Metagenomics

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The study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples, which can be used to understand microbial communities and diversity.

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Comparative Genomics

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The study and comparison of genomes within a single species, or between different species, to understand the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity and evolutionary relationships.

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