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Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that silences a gene depending on the parent of origin, with methylation often playing a key role in this parent-specific expression.

RNA interference is a biological process where RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules.

Epigenetic drugs target enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methyltransferases or histone deacetylases, to reverse aberrant epigenetic states and restore normal gene function.

DNA demethylation involves the removal of methyl groups from DNA, often leading to gene activation by allowing transcription factors to access the DNA.

Histone acetylation involves adding acetyl groups to histone proteins, which relaxes the chromatin structure and generally promotes gene expression.

Histone deacetylation, the removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins, usually leads to chromatin condensation and gene repression.

Chromatin remodeling is a dynamic process that repositions or restructures nucleosomes, thereby influencing gene expression by altering DNA accessibility.

X-chromosome inactivation silences one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals through epigenetic marks like DNA methylation and histone modifications to achieve dosage compensation.

Enhancer and silencer sequences are DNA elements that can increase or decrease the transcription of specific genes through the recruitment of transcription factors or repressors.

Epigenetic memory refers to the heritability of epigenetic states across cell divisions, maintaining the expression patterns of certain genes without altering the DNA sequence.

Transposable elements can influence gene expression epigenetically by inserting into or near genes, thereby affecting their regulation through mechanisms such as altering promoter activity.

DNA methylation typically suppresses gene expression by adding methyl groups to cytosine bases, leading to a more condensed chromatin structure.

Paramutation is an epigenetic phenomenon where one allele induces a heritable change in the expression of another allele, without altering the DNA sequence.

Histone modification alters gene expression by changing the histones around which DNA winds, affecting the accessibility of genes to transcription machinery.