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The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

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Prophase

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The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

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Cytokinesis

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The process where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells with identical genetic material.

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Prometaphase

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The stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope is completely dissolved and spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores on chromosomes.

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Spindle Apparatus

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A structure composed of microtubules that segregates chromosomes into the daughter cells during mitosis.

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Interphase

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A period of cell growth and DNA replication before mitosis begins. It consists of G1, S, and G2 phases.

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Metaphase

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The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, known as the metaphase plate.

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Anaphase

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The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

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S Phase

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The phase of Interphase where DNA replication occurs, resulting in chromosomes with identical sister chromatids.

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G2 Phase

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The final phase of Interphase, during which the cell prepares for mitosis, synthesizing proteins and organelles.

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Checkpoint

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Control mechanisms in the cell cycle that ensure the process is proceeding correctly and is crucial for the maintenance of genomic stability.

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Centrosome

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An organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center and is the source of the spindle fibers during mitosis.

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G1 Phase

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The first phase of Interphase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins essential for DNA replication.

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Telophase

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The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense, nuclear envelopes re-form, and the spindle apparatus disassembles.

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Kinetochore

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A protein structure on chromatids where spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart.

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Chromatid

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Each of the two thread-like strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

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