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Characterized by a dominant allele on a non-sex chromosome. Often affects males and females equally, and the trait may appear in every generation. Examples include Huntington’s Disease and Marfan Syndrome.

Characterized by a recessive allele on a non-sex chromosome. Two copies of the allele must be present for the trait to be expressed. Examples include Cystic Fibrosis and Sickle Cell Anemia.

A dominant trait that is carried on the X chromosome. More frequently affects females, and can be passed from an affected father to all of his daughters but none of his sons. Examples include Rett Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome.

A recessive trait that is carried on the X chromosome. More commonly affects males, and females are often carriers due to having two X chromosomes. Examples include Hemophilia and Red-Green Color Blindness.

Inheritance that only occurs through the Y chromosome, so it can only affect males and is passed from fathers to their sons. Examples include Male Infertility and Y chromosome deletions.

Traits are determined by genes in mitochondria and inherited solely from the mother, as mitochondria in the sperm are typically not used in fertilization. Examples include Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Mitochondrial Myopathy.

A type of inheritance where two different alleles are both fully expressed in a heterozygous individual. Examples include AB blood type and certain forms of Sickle Cell Disease.

A type of inheritance where the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between both homozygous phenotypes. Examples include the pink color of snapdragons and familial hypercholesterolemia.

This refers to genes that have more than two alleles. Each individual can only have two alleles, but more than two exist in the population. Examples include the ABO blood group system and coat colors in rabbits.

A characteristic that is controlled by more than one gene, often showing a continuous range of phenotypes. Examples include skin color and height in humans.

Occurs when one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits that are seemingly unrelated. Examples include Marfan Syndrome and Sickle Cell Disease.

A phenomenon where the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of one or more 'modifier genes'. Examples include coat color in Labrador Retrievers and the Bombay phenotype in ABO blood typing.

The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype who actually express the expected phenotype. Full, incomplete, and variable penetrance are types. Examples include Retinoblastoma (incomplete penetrance) and Huntington's Disease (high penetrance).

The degree to which a genotype is expressed in an individual. Can be variable or consistent among individuals with the same genotype. Examples include Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (variable expressivity) and Marfan Syndrome (variable expressivity).