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Key Communication Principles
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The Principle of Context
Communication does not occur in a vacuum but is influenced by the surrounding context. Example: A joke may be funny in a casual setting but inappropriate in a formal meeting.
The Principle of Feedback
Feedback confirms that the message has been received and understood. Example: Nodding during a conversation or replying to an email provides feedback to the sender.
The Shannon-Weaver Model
An early model breaking down the process of communication into components: sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver, and potential for noise. Example: A person emailing a colleague (sender, encoder) via email (channel), which the colleague reads and understands (decoder, receiver), despite potential misunderstandings (noise).
The Seven Cs of Communication
A checklist for clear communication, including: clarity, correctness, conciseness, concreteness, completeness, consideration, and courtesy. Example: A business memo that is to the point, factual, free of errors, and polite embodies these principles.
The Principle of Verbal Communication
The use of language to convey meaning, which can be affected by factors like choice of words, tone, and clarity. Example: The words chosen in a speech and the speaker's tone can significantly affect the message received by the audience.
The Principle of Communication Ethics
Ethical communication is truthful, fair, and respectful, avoiding plagiarism and misinformation. Example: Citing sources in an academic paper upholds ethical communication standards.
The Transactional Model of Communication
Communication is seen as a process involving sender and receiver where both parties participate actively and influence each other. Example: A conversation where both people speak, listen, and adjust their message in response to the other's.
The Principle of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal cues carry significant meaning and can complement, substitute, or contradict verbal communication. Example: A smile can reinforce a positive verbal greeting, or a frown can contradict a cheerful statement.
The Principle of Cultural Sensitivity
Communication is more effective when it respects cultural differences and avoids assumptions. Example: Using simple English and avoiding idioms when speaking with non-native speakers shows cultural sensitivity.
The Principle of Audience Analysis
Effective communication requires understanding the audience's beliefs, values, and needs. Example: Tailoring a presentation to the interests of the audience to keep them engaged.
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