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The process of creating new plants from a variety of sources including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. It is significant for multiplying plant stock and preserving the genetic diversity.

The practice of covering the soil with a layer of material, such as straw or leaves, to conserve moisture, reduce weed growth, and improve soil quality. It is significant for plant protection and reduced garden maintenance.

The yellowing of leaves due to insufficient chlorophyll caused by nutrient deficiencies, disease, or pests. It is significant as an indicator of plant health and prompts investigation into underlying issues.

A pest control strategy that uses a combination of techniques designed to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and environmental impact. It is significant for sustainable agriculture practices.

Plants with soft, non-woody stems that usually die back at the end of the growing season. They are significant for their role in seasonal gardens and as a source of flowers, foliage, and pharmaceuticals.

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of soil, expressed in pH units. Soil pH is significant because it affects nutrient availability and microbial activity.

Crops grown for the protection and enrichment of the soil rather than for the crop yield. They are significant for preventing soil erosion, improving soil structure, and adding organic nutrients.

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments from carbon dioxide and water. It is significant as it is the fundamental process for life on earth, providing the basis for the food chains.

The evaporative loss of water from plants, primarily through stomata. It is significant for nutrient transport within plants and maintaining plant temperature.

Plants which require two years to complete their life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds. They are significant in planning crop rotations and garden designs.

The transfer of pollen from male to female parts of plants, leading to fertilization and seed production. It is significant for the reproduction of many plants and for fruit production.

A plant variety that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding. It is significant for agriculture as cultivars are developed to enhance specific desired traits such as yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance.

A method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in water. It is significant for allowing crop production in non-traditional settings and controlled environment agriculture.

A horticultural technique whereby tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another so that the two sets may join together. It is significant for propagating desirable plants and repairing damaged ones.

The selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches or roots. It is significant for improving or maintaining plant health, shape, and fruitfulness.

The process of recycling organic material, such as leaves and vegetable scraps, into a rich soil amendment known as compost. It is significant for waste reduction and soil quality improvement.

The science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. It is significant for the advancement of sustainable crop production and soil management.

The ability of a plant to withstand low temperatures and freezing without damage. It is significant for selecting plants suitable for growth in particular climates and for breeding more resilient varieties.

A biological phenomenon in which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. It is significant because it can be used for natural weed control and can influence crop planning.