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Global Agricultural Policies

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Canada

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Canadian agricultural policy includes both subsidies and support programs that focus on risk management, research, and market development. The impact of these policies has been a competitive and innovative agricultural sector, with ongoing debates about environmental sustainability and small farm viability.

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Japan

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Japanese agricultural policy is characterized by heavy support and protection for its farmers through subsidies, import restrictions, and price supports, aimed at ensuring food security and preserving rural communities. Yet, these policies have led to high food prices and inefficiency in the agricultural sector.

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Kenya

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Kenya's agricultural policy focuses on smallholder productivity, market access, and value-chain development. Programs supporting these goals have profound impacts on poverty reduction and food security, yet challenges such as land ownership and climate change resilience remain.

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Argentina

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Argentina's agricultural policy is characterized by export taxes and tariffs meant to stabilize domestic food prices and generate government revenue. These measures have historically had mixed impacts, including periods of conflict with farmers and export-oriented agricultural growth.

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United States

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The US agricultural policy includes subsidies, insurance programs, and conservation incentives. These policies aim to stabilize markets, support farmers' incomes, and promote sustainable farming practices. However, they have also been critiqued for promoting overproduction and disadvantaging small-scale farmers.

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China

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China's agricultural policy focuses on food security through self-sufficiency. The government invests in agricultural infrastructure, technology, and supports prices. China faces challenges like arable land scarcity and environmental degradation, prompting policies that also address sustainability.

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Nigeria

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Nigeria pursues agricultural policies that target increased production and reduction of food imports. These policies include input subsidies, agricultural loan schemes, and commercial agriculture incentives. However, struggles with implementation and impact on smallholder farmers raise questions about effectiveness.

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Brazil

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Brazilian agricultural policy emphasizes the development of its agribusiness sector, with strategies including credit support, agricultural insurance, and low tax burdens for agribusinesses. These policies have contributed to Brazil's status as an agricultural powerhouse but have also led to concerns about deforestation and land use change.

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Russia

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Russia's agricultural policies include import substitution to promote domestic production and food security, subsidized credit, and direct support to certain agricultural sectors. These policies have increased self-sufficiency but are sometimes criticized for their impact on the quality and diversity of food products.

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European Union

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The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the most important and complex agricultural policies globally, involving agricultural subsidies and programs. The CAP aims to support farmers, promote rural development, and ensure food security. Its impacts include market stabilization but also criticisms of environmental damage and trade distortion.

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Australia

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Australia's agricultural policies are market-oriented with minimal subsidies and a focus on deregulation, research and development, and free trade. This policy framework promotes efficiency and international competitiveness but poses challenges for farmers facing droughts and volatile markets.

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Ethiopia

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Ethiopia's agricultural policy emphasizes food security and poverty reduction through the promotion of small-scale agriculture, extension services, and fertilizer subsidies. These policies have led to significant agricultural growth, but also to issues like soil degradation and a focus on quantity over quality.

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Mexico

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Mexico's agricultural policy includes support programs like Procampo and credits to bolster sector productivity and competitiveness. However, these policies often favor large-scale producers over small-scale farmers, and there are ongoing challenges related to water scarcity and land degradation.

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France

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France's agricultural policy, heavily influenced by the CAP, involves subsidies, environmental programs, and agricultural zoning which ensure high production standards and protect biodiversity. Despite these efforts, there has been public concern over pesticide use and the viability of small farms.

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India

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India's agricultural policies include subsidies for inputs like fertilizers and MSP (Minimum Support Price) for crops to secure farmers' incomes. These policies aim to alleviate farmer distress and maintain food affordability, but often result in fiscal burdens and skewed crop choices towards grains.

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