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Peaty soil is dark in color and rich in organic matter. It has good water retention but may have a lower pH. It's often used to improve other soil types and for cultivation of specific plants that thrive in acidic conditions.

Loamy soil is a well-balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It is fertile, has good water retention and drainage. Often seen as the best soil for growing a wide range of crops.

Sandy soil has a gritty texture and is formed from weathered rocks. It drains quickly but doesn't hold nutrients well. Ideal for crops requiring good drainage like root vegetables.

Saline soil has high salt content which can inhibit plant growth and can be problematic for irrigation. Specialized crops that are salt-tolerant or specific reclamation techniques can be used on this type of soil.

Desert soil is arid, contains little organic matter, and is low in nutrients. It has excellent drainage and is mostly found in arid regions. Not the best for farming, but can be used with extensive irrigation and soil amendment.

Alluvial soil is found in river deltas and floodplains. It's rich in nutrients carried by river waters, and has good fertility and drainage. Ideal for growing a variety of crops, including grains and vegetables.

Clay soil has a sticky texture and is composed of very small particles. It retains water and nutrients well but has poor drainage. Suitable for crops that need high nutrients and water retention.

Silty soil has a smooth texture and holds nutrients better than sandy soil. It has better drainage than clay soil but can compact easily. This soil is good for a variety of crops, including leafy vegetables.

Chalky soil has a stony texture with a high pH (alkaline). It's generally poor in nutrients and can lead to yellowing in some plants due to iron chlorosis. Suitable for crops that can tolerate high pH levels.