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Important Agricultural Acts
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Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
Sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers to not plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock, with significant restructuring implications for agribusiness.
Agricultural Act of 1949
Serves as the cornerstone of U.S. agricultural subsidy and support policy, with periodic amendments influencing price supports and production quotas in agribusiness.
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
Known as the 2008 Farm Bill, it expanded the USDA’s partnership with state and local entities for rural development and increased the emphasis on agricultural conservation.
Agricultural Act of 2014
Commonly known as the 2014 Farm Bill, it continued various subsidies for the agricultural sector, including crop insurance and conservation, influencing market dynamics.
Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Known as the Freedom to Farm Act, it aimed to reduce government intervention in agricultural markets and allow market forces to have a greater influence on agricultural operations.
Federal Crop Insurance Act of 1938
Introduced crop insurance to protect American agricultural producers from the risk of crop failures due to natural disasters. This policy altered farm income stability and agribusiness financial planning.
The Homestead Act of 1862
Accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families 160 acres of surveyed public land for a minimal filing fee and 5 years of continuous residence on that land.
The Morrill Act of 1862
Allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, which provided higher education in agriculture and the mechanic arts, shaping the agricultural education framework and workforce.
Food Security Act of 1985
Aimed to discourage the production of surplus crops, encourage conservation of soil and water, and provide support to farmers. It is known for the conservation compliance provisions.
Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018
Also called the 2018 Farm Bill, it further revised commodity programs, conservation, nutrition assistance, and farm credit legislation, deeply impacting agribusiness economics.
The Hatch Act of 1887
Established agricultural experiment stations in connection with land-grant colleges to improve farming practices due to ongoing agricultural issues of the time.
Smith-Lever Act of 1914
Created the Cooperative Extension Service linked to the land-grant universities to educate farmers on new farming techniques and technologies.
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