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Important Agricultural Acts

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Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

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Sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers to not plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock, with significant restructuring implications for agribusiness.

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Agricultural Act of 1949

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Serves as the cornerstone of U.S. agricultural subsidy and support policy, with periodic amendments influencing price supports and production quotas in agribusiness.

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Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

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Known as the 2008 Farm Bill, it expanded the USDA’s partnership with state and local entities for rural development and increased the emphasis on agricultural conservation.

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Agricultural Act of 2014

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Commonly known as the 2014 Farm Bill, it continued various subsidies for the agricultural sector, including crop insurance and conservation, influencing market dynamics.

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Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996

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Known as the Freedom to Farm Act, it aimed to reduce government intervention in agricultural markets and allow market forces to have a greater influence on agricultural operations.

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Federal Crop Insurance Act of 1938

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Introduced crop insurance to protect American agricultural producers from the risk of crop failures due to natural disasters. This policy altered farm income stability and agribusiness financial planning.

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The Homestead Act of 1862

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Accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families 160 acres of surveyed public land for a minimal filing fee and 5 years of continuous residence on that land.

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The Morrill Act of 1862

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Allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, which provided higher education in agriculture and the mechanic arts, shaping the agricultural education framework and workforce.

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Food Security Act of 1985

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Aimed to discourage the production of surplus crops, encourage conservation of soil and water, and provide support to farmers. It is known for the conservation compliance provisions.

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Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018

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Also called the 2018 Farm Bill, it further revised commodity programs, conservation, nutrition assistance, and farm credit legislation, deeply impacting agribusiness economics.

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The Hatch Act of 1887

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Established agricultural experiment stations in connection with land-grant colleges to improve farming practices due to ongoing agricultural issues of the time.

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Smith-Lever Act of 1914

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Created the Cooperative Extension Service linked to the land-grant universities to educate farmers on new farming techniques and technologies.

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