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A method of growing plants without soil by using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent. Greenhouses use hydroponic systems to maximize space and nutrient efficiency, and to avoid soil-borne diseases.

Increasing the carbon dioxide levels inside a greenhouse to promote plant growth, since plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. Methods include CO2 generators or bottled CO2 gas. It's used to improve crop yield and quality.

The injection of fertilizers, soil amendments, and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system to deliver nutrients directly to plants' roots. Greenhouse growers use fertigation to efficiently feed plants and to easily change nutrient formulas as plants grow.

Computerized systems that monitor and adjust climate conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration within a greenhouse. These systems enhance the growing environment, leading to better control over crop production.

The process of eliminating soil-borne pathogens, pests, and weeds within the growing medium. Methods include steam, solarization, or chemical treatments. In greenhouses, soil sterilization ensures a disease-free start for crops.

The process of creating a genetically identical copy of a plant from a cutting of its tissue, which is then rooted and grown. Greenhouses use cloning to propagate plants quickly and ensure uniformity in cultivars.

The regulation of the amount of water vapor in the air. In greenhouses, humidity is controlled using ventilation, heating systems, and humidifiers or dehumidifiers to maintain an optimal range for plant growth and to prevent disease.

The response of a plant to the relative lengths of light and dark periods, which affects flowering and growth. In greenhouses, growers manipulate the photoperiod to induce flowering or to accelerate or decelerate growth by using artificial lighting or blackout curtains.

The base material on which a plant grows, which could be soil, coir, rockwool, perlite, or others. In greenhouse cultivation, substrates are chosen based on their water retention, aeration properties, and compatibility with the plant type and growing method.

The process of exchanging indoor air with outdoor air to control temperature, remove moisture, or replenish carbon dioxide. In greenhouses, this is typically accomplished with roof vents, side vents, or forced-air systems.

The act of protecting plants from excessive sunlight, either through internal or external shade cloths or coatings. Shading is vital in controlling light intensity and temperature within the greenhouse environment.

Materials used to cover a greenhouse, affecting light transmission, insulation, and durability. Common glazing materials include glass and various types of plastic. Choice of glazing impacts the microclimate and energy efficiency of a greenhouse.

A retractable curtain in the greenhouse which can be pulled over the crops to save energy and regulate temperature and humidity. These screens can either retain heat during the night or reflect sunlight during the day.

A type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants. Greenhouses implement drip irrigation to provide precise water and nutrient delivery while reducing usage and preventing disease.